IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eco/journ2/2020-01-39.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Relationship among GDP, Carbon Dioxide Emissions, Energy Consumption, and Energy Production from Oil and Gas in Saudi Arabia

Author

Listed:
  • Abdullah Algarini

    (College of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 7527, Saudi Arabia.)

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the causal relationship among economic growth, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, energy consumption, and energy production from oil and gas during 1990-2017. By vector autoregressive models and Granger causality Wald tests, this study suggests that there is bidirectional relationship between: Economic growth and energy consumption, economic growth and CO2 emissions, and electricity production from gas and CO2 emissions. Moreover, there is a unidirectional causality runs from energy consumption and CO2 emission to growth of electricity production from gas, and from energy production from oil to growth of CO2 emissions. This result confirms that energy consumption is a critical input of production and plays as a complement to the important factors of labor, capital, and land in Saudi Arabia.

Suggested Citation

  • Abdullah Algarini, 2020. "The Relationship among GDP, Carbon Dioxide Emissions, Energy Consumption, and Energy Production from Oil and Gas in Saudi Arabia," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 10(1), pages 280-285.
    • Handle: RePEc:eco:journ2:2020-01-39
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.econjournals.com/index.php/ijeep/article/download/8345/4783
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.econjournals.com/index.php/ijeep/article/view/8345/4783
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Zeshan, Muhammad, 2013. "Finding the cointegration and causal linkages between the electricity production and economic growth in Pakistan," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 344-350.
    2. Farhani, Sahbi & Chaibi, Anissa & Rault, Christophe, 2014. "CO2 emissions, output, energy consumption, and trade in Tunisia," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 426-434.
    3. Narayan, Paresh Kumar & Smyth, Russell, 2008. "Energy consumption and real GDP in G7 countries: New evidence from panel cointegration with structural breaks," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 30(5), pages 2331-2341, September.
    4. Jaunky, Vishal Chandr, 2011. "The CO2 emissions-income nexus: Evidence from rich countries," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(3), pages 1228-1240, March.
    5. repec:ipg:wpaper:2014-582 is not listed on IDEAS
    6. Fodha, Mouez & Zaghdoud, Oussama, 2010. "Economic growth and pollutant emissions in Tunisia: An empirical analysis of the environmental Kuznets curve," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(2), pages 1150-1156, February.
    7. Sharma, Susan Sunila, 2011. "Determinants of carbon dioxide emissions: Empirical evidence from 69 countries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(1), pages 376-382, January.
    8. Sims, Christopher A, 1980. "Macroeconomics and Reality," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 48(1), pages 1-48, January.
    9. Manat Rahim & Pasrun Adam & La Ode Suriadi & Zainuddin Saenong & Ery Atmodjo & Wali Aya Rumbia & Irma P. Tamburaka, 2018. "Causal Relationship between Electric Consumption and Economic Growth in South East Sulawesi," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 8(6), pages 29-34.
    10. Elena Stolyarova, 2013. "Carbon Dioxide Emissions, economic growth and energy mix: empirical evidence from 93 countries," EcoMod2013 5433, EcoMod.
    11. H seyin Kalyoncu & Faruk G rsoy & Hasan G cen, 2013. "Causality Relationship between GDP and Energy Consumption in Georgia, Azerbaijan and Armenia," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 3(1), pages 111-117.
    12. Arrow, Kenneth & Bolin, Bert & Costanza, Robert & Dasgupta, Partha & Folke, Carl & Holling, C.S. & Jansson, Bengt-Owe & Levin, Simon & Mäler, Karl-Göran & Perrings, Charles & Pimentel, David, 1996. "Economic growth, carrying capacity, and the environment," Environment and Development Economics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 1(1), pages 104-110, February.
    13. repec:ipg:wpaper:201415 is not listed on IDEAS
    14. Jbir, Rafik & Zouari-Ghorbel, Sonia, 2009. "Recent oil price shock and Tunisian economy," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(3), pages 1041-1051, March.
    15. Cerdeira Bento, João Paulo & Moutinho, Victor, 2016. "CO2 emissions, non-renewable and renewable electricity production, economic growth, and international trade in Italy," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 142-155.
    16. Mbanda L. Njoke & Zhongqun Wu & Jean Gaston Tamba, 2019. "Empirical Analysis of Electricity Consumption, CO2 Emissions and Economic Growth: Evidence from Cameroon," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 9(5), pages 63-73.
    17. Sahbi Farhani & Anissa Chaibi & Christophe Rault, 2014. "A study of CO2 emissions, output,energy consumption, and trade," Working Papers 2014-56, Department of Research, Ipag Business School.
    18. Friedl, Birgit & Getzner, Michael, 2003. "Determinants of CO2 emissions in a small open economy," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 45(1), pages 133-148, April.
    19. Jinke, Li & Hualing, Song & Dianming, Geng, 2008. "Causality relationship between coal consumption and GDP: Difference of major OECD and non-OECD countries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 85(6), pages 421-429, June.
    20. Granger, C W J, 1969. "Investigating Causal Relations by Econometric Models and Cross-Spectral Methods," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 37(3), pages 424-438, July.
    21. Belloumi, Mounir, 2009. "Energy consumption and GDP in Tunisia: Cointegration and causality analysis," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(7), pages 2745-2753, July.
    22. Costanza, Robert, 1995. "Economic growth, carrying capacity, and the environment," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 15(2), pages 89-90, November.
    23. Alkhathlan, Khalid & Javid, Muhammad, 2013. "Energy consumption, carbon emissions and economic growth in Saudi Arabia: An aggregate and disaggregate analysis," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 1525-1532.
    24. Zafar Ahmad Sultan & Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb, 2019. "Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: The Evidence from India," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 9(5), pages 142-147.
    25. Nelson, Charles R. & Plosser, Charles I., 1982. "Trends and random walks in macroeconmic time series : Some evidence and implications," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 10(2), pages 139-162.
    26. repec:ipg:wpaper:2014-056 is not listed on IDEAS
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Florian Marcel Nuţă & Alina Cristina Nuţă & Cristina Gabriela Zamfir & Stefan-Mihai Petrea & Dan Munteanu & Dragos Sebastian Cristea, 2021. "National Carbon Accounting—Analyzing the Impact of Urbanization and Energy-Related Factors upon CO 2 Emissions in Central–Eastern European Countries by Using Machine Learning Algorithms and Panel Data," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-23, May.
    2. Tanattrin Bunnag, 2021. "The Causal Relationship among CO2 Emission, Oil Consumption and Economic Growth in Thailand: ARDL Bound Testing Approach," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 11(6), pages 427-431.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Zambrano-Monserrate, Manuel A. & Silva-Zambrano, Carlos A. & Davalos-Penafiel, Jose L. & Zambrano-Monserrate, Andrea & Ruano, Maria Alejandra, 2018. "Testing environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in Peru: The role of renewable electricity, petroleum and dry natural gas," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 82(P3), pages 4170-4178.
    2. Chiu, Yi-Bin, 2017. "Carbon dioxide, income and energy: Evidence from a non-linear model," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 279-288.
    3. Salahuddin, Mohammad & Gow, Jeff, 2014. "Economic growth, energy consumption and CO2 emissions in Gulf Cooperation Council countries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 44-58.
    4. Ajmi, Ahdi Noomen & Hammoudeh, Shawkat & Nguyen, Duc Khuong & Sato, João Ricardo, 2015. "On the relationships between CO2 emissions, energy consumption and income: The importance of time variation," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 629-638.
    5. Mounir Ben Mbarek & Racha Khairallah & Rochdi Feki, 2015. "Causality relationships between renewable energy, nuclear energy and economic growth in France," Environment Systems and Decisions, Springer, vol. 35(1), pages 133-142, March.
    6. Shahbaz, Muhammad & Haouas, Ilham & Hoang, Thi Hong Van, 2019. "Economic growth and environmental degradation in Vietnam: Is the environmental Kuznets curve a complete picture?," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 197-218.
    7. Barra, Cristian & Zotti, Roberto, 2016. "Investigating the impact of national income on environmental pollution. International evidence," MPRA Paper 74149, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    8. Muhammad Shahbaz & Avik Sinha, 2019. "Environmental Kuznets curve for CO2emissions: a literature survey," Journal of Economic Studies, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 46(1), pages 106-168, January.
    9. Cristian Barra & Roberto Zotti, 2018. "Investigating the non-linearity between national income and environmental pollution: international evidence of Kuznets curve," Environmental Economics and Policy Studies, Springer;Society for Environmental Economics and Policy Studies - SEEPS, vol. 20(1), pages 179-210, January.
    10. Onafowora, Olugbenga A. & Owoye, Oluwole, 2014. "Bounds testing approach to analysis of the environment Kuznets curve hypothesis," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 47-62.
    11. Saboori, Behnaz & Sulaiman, Jamalludin, 2013. "Environmental degradation, economic growth and energy consumption: Evidence of the environmental Kuznets curve in Malaysia," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 892-905.
    12. Mounir Ben Mbarek & Nadia Ben Ali & Rochdi Feki, 2014. "Causality relationship between CO 2 emissions, GDP and energy intensity in Tunisia," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 16(6), pages 1253-1262, December.
    13. Salahuddin, Mohammad & Gow, Jeff & Ozturk, Ilhan, 2015. "Is the long-run relationship between economic growth, electricity consumption, carbon dioxide emissions and financial development in Gulf Cooperation Council Countries robust?," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 317-326.
    14. Shahbaz, Muhammad & Sinha, Avik, 2019. "Environmental Kuznets Curve for CO2 emission: A survey of empirical literature," MPRA Paper 100257, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 2019.
    15. Sofien Tiba & Mohamed Frikha, 2020. "EKC and Macroeconomics Aspects of Well-being: a Critical Vision for a Sustainable Future," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 11(3), pages 1171-1197, September.
    16. George Halkos & Iacovos Psarianos, 2016. "Exploring the effect of including the environment in the neoclassical growth model," Environmental Economics and Policy Studies, Springer;Society for Environmental Economics and Policy Studies - SEEPS, vol. 18(3), pages 339-358, July.
    17. Bashiri Behmiri, Niaz & Pires Manso, José R., 2012. "Does Portuguese economy support crude oil conservation hypothesis?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 628-634.
    18. Anver C. Sadath & Rajesh H. Acharya, 2019. "Economic growth and environmental degradation: How to balance the interests of developed and developing countries," ECONOMICS AND POLICY OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, FrancoAngeli Editore, vol. 0(2), pages 25-47.
    19. Balsalobre-Lorente, Daniel & Shahbaz, Muhammad & Roubaud, David & Farhani, Sahbi, 2018. "How economic growth, renewable electricity and natural resources contribute to CO2 emissions?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 356-367.
    20. Sabuj Kumar Mandal & Devleena Chakravarty, 2017. "Role of energy in estimating turning point of Environmental Kuznets Curve: an econometric analysis of the existing studies," Journal of Social and Economic Development, Springer;Institute for Social and Economic Change, vol. 19(2), pages 387-401, October.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Energy consumption; Energy production; Economic growth; Saudi Arabia.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C32 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes; State Space Models
    • O13 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Agriculture; Natural Resources; Environment; Other Primary Products
    • Q43 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Energy and the Macroeconomy

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eco:journ2:2020-01-39. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Ilhan Ozturk (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.econjournals.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.