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Yellow Cards: Do They Matter?

Author

Listed:
  • Anders Anne

    (Clemson University)

  • Rotthoff Kurt W

    (Seton Hall University)

Abstract

Using data from the Bundesliga, the top German football league (American "soccer"), we analyze the effects of yellow and red cards on the probability of victory for a team. For the team receiving the cards, we find that yellow and red cards decrease the probability of victory. However, the number of fouls called increases the probability of victory for that team. We therefore find that aggressive play is valuable, but pushing too hard is detrimental. We also find that the probability change is different for the home and away teams.

Suggested Citation

  • Anders Anne & Rotthoff Kurt W, 2011. "Yellow Cards: Do They Matter?," Journal of Quantitative Analysis in Sports, De Gruyter, vol. 7(1), pages 1-12, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:bpj:jqsprt:v:7:y:2011:i:1:n:9
    DOI: 10.2202/1559-0410.1286
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Joseph Price & Justin Wolfers, 2010. "Racial Discrimination Among NBA Referees," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 125(4), pages 1859-1887.
    2. Babatunde Buraimo & David Forrest & Robert Simmons, 2010. "The 12th man?: refereeing bias in English and German soccer," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 173(2), pages 431-449, April.
    3. Peter Dawson & Stephen Dobson & John Goddard & John Wilson, 2007. "Are football referees really biased and inconsistent?: evidence on the incidence of disciplinary sanction in the English Premier League," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 170(1), pages 231-250, January.
    4. Thomas J. Dohmen, 2008. "The Influence Of Social Forces: Evidence From The Behavior Of Football Referees," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 46(3), pages 411-424, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Peter Dawson & Patrick Massey & Paul Downward, 2020. "Television match officials, referees, and home advantage: Evidence from the European Rugby Cup," Sport Management Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(3), pages 443-454, July.
    2. Llorenç Badiella & Pedro Puig & Carlos Lago-Peñas & Martí Casals, 2023. "Influence of Red and Yellow cards on team performance in elite soccer," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 325(1), pages 149-165, June.
    3. Karol Kempa & Hannes Rusch, 2019. "Dissent, sabotage, and leader behaviour in contests: Evidence from European football," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 40(5), pages 500-514, July.
    4. Anne Anders & Kurt William Rotthoff, 2014. "Is home-field advantage driven by the fans? Evidence from across the ocean," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(16), pages 1165-1168, November.

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