IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/reesec/v49y2021is2p618-654.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Connected markets through global real estate investments

Author

Listed:
  • Bing Zhu
  • Colin Lizieri

Abstract

This study focuses on the possibility of higher risk in commercial real estate markets due to the “linked ownership” network, which is measured by the common holdings of properties in different urban real estate markets by the same investor. Using data from 2007 to 2016, our results show that commonality in ownership can explain the significant comovement in international office market performance and add additional information to other matrices constructed by geographic distance, mergers and acquisitions capital flow, currency unit, and even overlapping occupiers located in those cities. The transmission mechanism is most pronounced and persistent during the global financial crisis period.

Suggested Citation

  • Bing Zhu & Colin Lizieri, 2021. "Connected markets through global real estate investments," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 49(S2), pages 618-654, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:reesec:v:49:y:2021:i:s2:p:618-654
    DOI: 10.1111/1540-6229.12319
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-6229.12319
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1111/1540-6229.12319?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Markus K. Brunnermeier & Lasse Heje Pedersen, 2009. "Market Liquidity and Funding Liquidity," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 22(6), pages 2201-2238, June.
    2. C.F. Sirmans & Elaine Worzala, 2003. "International Direct Real Estate Investment: A Review of the Literature," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 40(5-6), pages 1081-1114, May.
    3. Daniel C. Quan & Sheridan Titman, 1999. "Do Real Estate Prices and Stock Prices Move Together? An International Analysis," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 27(2), pages 183-207, June.
    4. Andonov, Aleksandar & Eichholtz, Piet & Kok, Nils, 2015. "Intermediated investment management in private markets: Evidence from pension fund investments in real estate," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 22(C), pages 73-103.
    5. Holly, Sean & Hashem Pesaran, M. & Yamagata, Takashi, 2011. "The spatial and temporal diffusion of house prices in the UK," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 69(1), pages 2-23, January.
    6. Crocker H. Liu & David J. Hartzell & Martin E. Hoesli, 1997. "International Evidence on Real Estate Securities as an Inflation Hedge," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 25(2), pages 193-221, June.
    7. Colin Lizieri & Daniel Mekic, 2018. "Real estate and global capital networks: drilling into the City of London," Chapters, in: Michael Hoyler & Christof Parnreiter & Allan Watson (ed.), Global City Makers, chapter 4, pages 60-82, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    8. Elaine Worzala & C.F. Sirmans, 2003. "Investing in International Real Estate Stocks: A Review of the Literature," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 40(5-6), pages 1115-1149, May.
    9. Ling, David C & Naranjo, Andy, 2002. "Commercial Real Estate Return Performance: A Cross-Country Analysis," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 24(1-2), pages 119-142, Jan.-Marc.
    10. Neil Crosby & Steven Devaney & Colin Lizieri & Patrick McAllister, 2018. "Can Institutional Investors Bias Real Estate Portfolio Appraisals? Evidence from the Market Downturn," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 147(3), pages 651-667, February.
    11. Asgharian, Hossein & Hess, Wolfgang & Liu, Lu, 2013. "A spatial analysis of international stock market linkages," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(12), pages 4738-4754.
    12. Kelejian, Harry H. & Piras, Gianfranco, 2014. "Estimation of spatial models with endogenous weighting matrices, and an application to a demand model for cigarettes," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 140-149.
    13. Graeme Newell & James R. Webb, 1996. "Assessing Risk for International Real Estate Investments," Journal of Real Estate Research, American Real Estate Society, vol. 11(2), pages 103-116.
    14. Alan J. Ziobrowski & Brigitte J. Ziobrowski & Sidney Rosenberg, 1997. "Currency Swaps and International Real Estate Investment," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 25(2), pages 223-251, June.
    15. Pesaran, H. Hashem & Shin, Yongcheol, 1998. "Generalized impulse response analysis in linear multivariate models," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 58(1), pages 17-29, January.
    16. Ashok Bardhan & Robert Edelstein & Desmond Tsang, 2008. "Global Financial Integration and Real Estate Security Returns," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 36(2), pages 285-311, June.
    17. Piet Eichholtz & Ronald Huisman & Kees Koedijk & Lisa Schuin, 1998. "Continental Factors in International Real Estate Returns," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 26(3), pages 493-509, September.
    18. Colin Lizieri & Patrick McAllister & Charles Ward, 2003. "Continental Shift? An Analysis of Convergence Trends in European Real Estate Equities," Journal of Real Estate Research, American Real Estate Society, vol. 25(1), pages 1-22.
    19. Colin Lizieri & Kathy Pain, 2014. "International Office Investment in Global Cities: The Production of Financial Space and Systemic Risk," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 48(3), pages 439-455, March.
    20. Slijkerman, Jan Frederik & Schoenmaker, Dirk & de Vries, Casper G., 2013. "Systemic risk and diversification across European banks and insurers," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(3), pages 773-785.
    21. Grenadier, Steven R, 1996. "The Strategic Exercise of Options: Development Cascades and Overbuilding in Real Estate Markets," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 51(5), pages 1653-1679, December.
    22. Crocker H. Liu & Jianping Mei, 1998. "The Predictability of International Real Estate Markets, Exchange Rate Risks and Diversification Consequences," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 26(1), pages 3-39, March.
    23. Piet Eichholtz & Nils Gugler & Nils Kok, 2011. "Transparency, Integration, and the Cost of International Real Estate Investments," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 43(1), pages 152-173, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Enzo D'Innocenzo & André Lucas & Anne Opschoor & Xingmin Zhang, 2024. "Heterogeneity and dynamics in network models," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 39(1), pages 150-173, January.
    2. Zhu, Bing & van Dijk, Dorinth & Lizieri, Colin, 2024. "Price diffusion across international private commercial real estate markets," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 140(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Pat Wilson & Ralf Zurbruegg, 2003. "International Diversification of Real Estate Assets - Is it Worth It? Evidence from the Literature," Working Paper Series 126, Finance Discipline Group, UTS Business School, University of Technology, Sydney.
    2. Neal Maroney & Atsuyuki Naka, 2006. "Diversification Benefits of Japanese Real Estate Over the Last Four Decades," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 33(3), pages 259-274, November.
    3. Foort Hamelink & Martin Hoesli, 2004. "What Factors Determine International Real Estate Security Returns?," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 32(3), pages 437-462, September.
    4. Barry, Christopher B. & Rodriguez, Mauricio, 2004. "Risk and return characteristics of property indices in emerging markets," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 5(2), pages 131-159, June.
    5. Elaine Worzala & C.F. Sirmans, 2003. "Investing in International Real Estate Stocks: A Review of the Literature," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 40(5-6), pages 1115-1149, May.
    6. Ivo Wit, 2010. "International Diversification Strategies for Direct Real Estate," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 41(4), pages 433-457, November.
    7. John Gallo & Ying Zhang, 2010. "Global Property Market Diversification," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 41(4), pages 458-485, November.
    8. Zhu, Bing & van Dijk, Dorinth & Lizieri, Colin, 2024. "Price diffusion across international private commercial real estate markets," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 140(C).
    9. Mohamadou L. Fadi & Yongsheng Wang, 2014. "Common Stochastic Volatility in International Real Estate Market," Journal of Reviews on Global Economics, Lifescience Global, vol. 3, pages 131-139.
    10. Nathan Mauck & S. McKay Price, 2017. "Determinants of Foreign Versus Domestic Real Estate Investment: Property Level Evidence from Listed Real Estate Investment Firms," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 54(1), pages 17-57, January.
    11. James Payne & Hassan Mohammadi, 2004. "The transmission of shocks across real estate investment trust (REIT) markets," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 14(17), pages 1211-1217.
    12. Haß, Lars Helge & Johanning, Lutz & Rudolph, Bernd & Schweizer, Denis, 2012. "Open-ended property funds: Risk and return profile — Diversification benefits and liquidity risks," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 21(C), pages 90-107.
    13. C.F. Sirmans & Elaine Worzala, 2003. "International Direct Real Estate Investment: A Review of the Literature," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 40(5-6), pages 1081-1114, May.
    14. Carlos Rodríguez & Ricardo Bustillo, 2010. "Modelling Foreign Real Estate Investment: The Spanish Case," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 41(3), pages 354-367, October.
    15. Piet Eichholtz & Nils Gugler & Nils Kok, 2011. "Transparency, Integration, and the Cost of International Real Estate Investments," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 43(1), pages 152-173, July.
    16. Graeme Newell & Chau Kwong Wing & Wong Siu Kei & Liow Kim Hiang, 2009. "The significance and performance of property securities markets in the Asian IFCs," Journal of Property Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 26(2), pages 125-148, October.
    17. Füss, Roland & Ruf, Daniel, 2021. "Bank systemic risk exposure and office market interconnectedness," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    18. Martin Hoesli & Kustrim Reka, 2013. "Volatility Spillovers, Comovements and Contagion in Securitized Real Estate Markets," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 47(1), pages 1-35, July.
    19. Stephen Lee, 2008. "Is The Uk Real Estate Market Converging With The Rest Of Europe?," ERES eres2008_192, European Real Estate Society (ERES).
    20. James Payne & Anandi Sahu, 2004. "Random walks, cointegration, and the transmission of shocks across global real estate and equity markets," Journal of Economics and Finance, Springer;Academy of Economics and Finance, vol. 28(2), pages 198-210, June.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bla:reesec:v:49:y:2021:i:s2:p:618-654. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/areueea.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.