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Theoretical perspectives on localized knowledge spillovers and agglomeration

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  • Samuli Leppälä

Abstract

Empirical evidence shows that innovation is geographically concentrated, but whether localized knowledge spillovers provide a logically valid explanation for this phenomenon is unclear. I show that in the context of cost‐reducing R&D spillovers between Cournot oligopolists the explanation is plausible: localized knowledge spillovers encourage agglomeration, but whether this leads to higher levels of effective R&D depends on the extent of the spillovers, the number of firms, and the industry's R&D efficiency. Contrary to the earlier theoretical work, this illustrates a context, in which the localized knowledge spillover explanation is actualized, and provides necessary conditions, which can be empirically tested. Las pruebas empíricas muestran que la innovación está concentrada de forma geográfica, pero no está claro si los spillovers de conocimiento localizados proporcionan una explicación válida desde el punto de vista lógico de este fenómeno. Se demuestra que la explicación es plausible en el contexto de spillovers de I+D para la reducción de costes entre oligopolistas de Cournot: los spillovers de conocimiento localizados fomentan la aglomeración, pero que esto conduzca a niveles más altos de I+D efectiva depende de la magnitud de los spillovers, del número de empresas y de la eficiencia de la I+D de la industria. Contrariamente al trabajo teórico anterior, esto ilustra un contexto en el que se actualiza la explicación del spillover de conocimiento localizado y proporciona las condiciones necesarias, las cuales pueden ser probadas empíricamente. イノベーションは地理的に集中していることは実証的エビデンスにより示されているが、局地的な知識スピルオーバーが理論的かつ妥当に、この現象を説明できるかどうかは不明である。クールノー型寡占均衡間でのコスト削減のためのR&Dスピルオーバーという状況においてはこの説明は妥当であることが示される。すなわち、局地的な知識スピルオーバーは集積を促進するが、それがスピルオーバーの規模、企業数、その産業のR&Dの効率性に従って、実効性のあるR&Dのレベルをさらに引き上げるか否か説明することはできない。過去の理論的研究とは対照的に、このことは局地的な知識スピルオーバーによる説明が現実化される状況を示し、必要な条件を提示しておいるが、これは実証的に検証できるものである。

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  • Samuli Leppälä, 2018. "Theoretical perspectives on localized knowledge spillovers and agglomeration," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 97(3), pages 467-484, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:presci:v:97:y:2018:i:3:p:467-484
    DOI: 10.1111/pirs.12256
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    2. Samuli Leppälä, 2020. "Innovation, R&D Spillovers, and the Variety and Concentration of the Local Industry Structure," Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 122(3), pages 1231-1255, July.

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    JEL classification:

    • O33 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes
    • R32 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location - - - Other Spatial Production and Pricing Analysis
    • L13 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets

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