IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/popmgt/v28y2019i3p535-549.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Resale Price Maintenance with Strategic Customers

Author

Listed:
  • Andrei Bazhanov
  • Yuri Levin
  • Mikhail Nediak

Abstract

We consider a decentralized supply chain (DSC) under resale price maintenance (RPM) selling a limited‐lifetime product to forward‐looking customers with heterogeneous valuations. When customers do not know the inventory level, double marginalization under RPM leads to a higher profit and aggregate welfare than without RPM under a two‐part tariff contract (TT). Both RPM and TT profits are higher and aggregate welfare is lower than in a centralized supply chain (CSC). When customers know the inventory, RPM coincides with CSC. Thus, overestimation of customer awareness may lead to overcentralization of supply chains with profit loss comparable with the loss from strategic customers. The case of RPM with unknown inventory is extended to an arbitrary number of retailers with inventory‐independent and inventory‐dependent demand. In both cases, the manufacturer, by setting a higher wholesale price, mitigates the inventory‐increasing effect of competition and reaches the same profit as with a single retailer. The high viability and efficiency of RPM in using double marginalization as a strategic‐behavior‐mitigating tool may serve as another explanation of why manufacturers may prefer DSC with RPM to a vertically integrated firm.

Suggested Citation

  • Andrei Bazhanov & Yuri Levin & Mikhail Nediak, 2019. "Resale Price Maintenance with Strategic Customers," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 28(3), pages 535-549, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:popmgt:v:28:y:2019:i:3:p:535-549
    DOI: 10.1111/poms.12936
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/poms.12936
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1111/poms.12936?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    Other versions of this item:

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Gérard P. Cachon & Robert Swinney, 2009. "Purchasing, Pricing, and Quick Response in the Presence of Strategic Consumers," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 55(3), pages 497-511, March.
    2. Deneckere, Raymond & Marvel, Howard P & Peck, James, 1997. "Demand Uncertainty and Price Maintenance: Markdowns as Destructive Competition," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 87(4), pages 619-641, September.
    3. Xuanming Su & Fuqiang Zhang, 2009. "Strategic Customer Behavior and the Benefit of Decentralization," International Series in Operations Research & Management Science, in: Christopher S. Tang & Serguei Netessine (ed.), Consumer-Driven Demand and Operations Management Models, edition 1, chapter 0, pages 177-201, Springer.
    4. Georgia Perakis & Wei Sun, 2014. "Efficiency Analysis of Cournot Competition in Service Industries with Congestion," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 60(11), pages 2684-2700, November.
    5. Gal-Or, Esther, 1991. "Vertical Restraints with Incomplete Information," Journal of Industrial Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 39(5), pages 503-516, September.
    6. Bazhanov, Andrei & Levin, Yuri & Nediak, Mikhail, 2015. "Quantity Competition in the Presence of Strategic Consumers," MPRA Paper 62075, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Bulow, Jeremy I, 1982. "Durable-Goods Monopolists," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 90(2), pages 314-332, April.
    8. Patrick Rey & Thibaud Vergé, 2010. "Resale Price Maintenance And Interlocking Relationships," Journal of Industrial Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 58(4), pages 928-961, December.
    9. Anil Arya & Brian Mittendorf, 2006. "Benefits of Channel Discord in the Sale of Durable Goods," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 25(1), pages 91-96, 01-02.
    10. Qian Liu & Garrett J. van Ryzin, 2008. "Strategic Capacity Rationing to Induce Early Purchases," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 54(6), pages 1115-1131, June.
    11. Preyas Desai & Oded Koenigsberg & Devavrat Purohit, 2004. "Strategic Decentralization and Channel Coordination," Quantitative Marketing and Economics (QME), Springer, vol. 2(1), pages 5-22, March.
    12. Jerry A. Hausman, 1979. "Individual Discount Rates and the Purchase and Utilization of Energy-Using Durables," Bell Journal of Economics, The RAND Corporation, vol. 10(1), pages 33-54, Spring.
    13. Aviv, Yossi & Bazhanov, Andrei & Levin, Yuri & Nediak, Mikhail, 2016. "Quantity Competition under Resale Price Maintenance when Most Favored Customers are Strategic," MPRA Paper 72011, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    14. Joseph J. Spengler, 1950. "Vertical Integration and Antitrust Policy," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 58, pages 347-347.
    15. Shane Frederick & George Loewenstein & Ted O'Donoghue, 2002. "Time Discounting and Time Preference: A Critical Review," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 40(2), pages 351-401, June.
    16. G.F. Mathewson & R.A. Winter, 1984. "An Economic Theory of Vertical Restraints," RAND Journal of Economics, The RAND Corporation, vol. 15(1), pages 27-38, Spring.
    17. Guillermo Gallego & Woonghee Tim Huh & Wanmo Kang & Robert Phillips, 2006. "Price Competition with the Attraction Demand Model: Existence of Unique Equilibrium and Its Stability," Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, INFORMS, vol. 8(4), pages 359-375, June.
    18. Marshall Fisher & Ananth Raman, 1996. "Reducing the Cost of Demand Uncertainty Through Accurate Response to Early Sales," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 44(1), pages 87-99, February.
    19. Rey, Patrick & Tirole, Jean, 1986. "The Logic of Vertical Restraints," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 76(5), pages 921-939, December.
    20. Coase, Ronald H, 1972. "Durability and Monopoly," Journal of Law and Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 15(1), pages 143-149, April.
    21. David Flath, 2012. "Are There Any Cournot Industries in Japan?," Japanese Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 39(2), pages 3-36.
    22. Rui Yin & Yossi Aviv & Amit Pazgal & Christopher S. Tang, 2009. "Optimal Markdown Pricing: Implications of Inventory Display Formats in the Presence of Strategic Customers," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 55(8), pages 1391-1408, August.
    23. Urban, Timothy L., 2005. "Inventory models with inventory-level-dependent demand: A comprehensive review and unifying theory," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 162(3), pages 792-804, May.
    24. Butz, David A, 1996. "Does the Per Se Rule Deter Vertical Price-Fixing?," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 34(4), pages 770-780, October.
    25. Aneel Karnani, 1984. "The Value of Market Share and the Product Life Cycle---A Game-Theoretic Model," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 30(6), pages 696-712, June.
    26. Tingliang Huang & Qian Liu, 2015. "Strategic Capacity Management When Customers Have Boundedly Rational Expectations," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 24(12), pages 1852-1869, December.
    27. Xuanming Su & Fuqiang Zhang, 2008. "Strategic Customer Behavior, Commitment, and Supply Chain Performance," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 54(10), pages 1759-1773, October.
    28. Houston, Douglas A, 1983. "Implicit Discount Rates and the Purchase of Untried, Energy-Saving Durable Goods," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 10(2), pages 236-246, September.
    29. Klapper, Daniel & Herwartz, Helmut, 2000. "Forecasting market share using predicted values of competitive behavior: further empirical results," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 16(3), pages 399-421.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Xu, Jian & Duan, Yongrui, 2020. "Pricing, ordering, and quick response for online sellers in the presence of consumer disappointment aversion," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Aviv, Yossi & Bazhanov, Andrei & Levin, Yuri & Nediak, Mikhail, 2016. "Quantity Competition under Resale Price Maintenance when Most Favored Customers are Strategic," MPRA Paper 72011, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Mustafa O. Kabul & Ali K. Parlaktürk, 2019. "The Value of Commitments When Selling to Strategic Consumers: A Supply Chain Perspective," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 65(10), pages 4754-4770, October.
    3. Arian Aflaki & Pnina Feldman & Robert Swinney, 2019. "Becoming Strategic: Endogenous Consumer Time Preferences and Multiperiod Pricing," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 68(4), pages 1116-1131, July.
    4. Bazhanov, Andrei & Levin, Yuri & Nediak, Mikhail, 2015. "Quantity Competition in the Presence of Strategic Consumers," MPRA Paper 62075, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Ji Quan & Xiaofeng Wang & Xianjia Wang & De Xia & Jian-Bo Yang, 2022. "Performance optimization of supply chain based on cooperative contract with disappointment-aversion strategic consumers," Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal, Springer, vol. 34(2), pages 408-428, June.
    6. Dong, Junfeng & Wu, Desheng Dash, 2019. "Two-period pricing and quick response with strategic customers," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 215(C), pages 165-173.
    7. Nicole Perez Becker & Benny Mantin & Joachim Arts, 2022. "Strategic Behavior in a Serial Newsvendor," DEM Discussion Paper Series 22-02, Department of Economics at the University of Luxembourg.
    8. Yang, Daojian & Qi, Ershi & Li, Yajiao, 2015. "Quick response and supply chain structure with strategic consumers," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 1-14.
    9. Gérard P. Cachon & Robert Swinney, 2011. "The Value of Fast Fashion: Quick Response, Enhanced Design, and Strategic Consumer Behavior," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 57(4), pages 778-795, April.
    10. Chen Tian & Tiaojun Xiao, 2017. "Profit of a Supply Chain versus its Decentralization in the Presence of Strategic Customers," International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making (IJITDM), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 16(06), pages 1647-1670, November.
    11. Cuihong Li & Fuqiang Zhang, 2013. "Advance Demand Information, Price Discrimination, and Preorder Strategies," Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, INFORMS, vol. 15(1), pages 57-71, September.
    12. Huang, Zongsheng & Huang, Lingchen & Zhao, Yingxue & Meng, Xiaoge, 2021. "Money-back guarantee in the presence of strategic customer behavior," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 239(C).
    13. Song, Yanan & Zhao, Xiaobo, 2016. "Strategic customer behavior facing possible stockout: An experimental study," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 57-67.
    14. Du, Jie & Zhang, Juliang & Hua, Guowei, 2015. "Pricing and inventory management in the presence of strategic customers with risk preference and decreasing value," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 160-166.
    15. Dertwinkel-Kalt, Markus & Wey, Christian, 2023. "Resale price maintenance in a successive monopoly model," DICE Discussion Papers 395, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE).
    16. Yossi Aviv & Mike Mingcheng Wei & Fuqiang Zhang, 2019. "Responsive Pricing of Fashion Products: The Effects of Demand Learning and Strategic Consumer Behavior," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 65(7), pages 2982-3000, July.
    17. Dertwinkel-Kalt, Markus & Wey, Christian, 2021. "Multi-Product Pricing and Minimum Resale Price Maintenance," VfS Annual Conference 2021 (Virtual Conference): Climate Economics 242338, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    18. Li, Jin & Shi, Victor, 2019. "The benefit of horizontal decentralization in durable good procurement," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 13-23.
    19. Gérard P. Cachon & Pnina Feldman, 2015. "Price Commitments with Strategic Consumers: Why It Can Be Optimal to Discount More Frequently … Than Optimal," Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, INFORMS, vol. 17(3), pages 399-410, July.
    20. Seungjin Whang, 2015. "Demand Uncertainty and the Bayesian Effect in Markdown Pricing with Strategic Customers," Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, INFORMS, vol. 17(2), pages 66-77, January.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • D9 - Microeconomics - - Micro-Based Behavioral Economics
    • L13 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets
    • L42 - Industrial Organization - - Antitrust Issues and Policies - - - Vertical Restraints; Resale Price Maintenance; Quantity Discounts

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bla:popmgt:v:28:y:2019:i:3:p:535-549. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1937-5956 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.