IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/finmgt/v50y2021i3p747-774.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The role of P2P platforms in enhancing financial inclusion in the United States: An analysis of peer‐to‐peer lending across the rural–urban divide

Author

Listed:
  • Pankaj Kumar Maskara
  • Emre Kuvvet
  • Gengxuan Chen

Abstract

In this paper, we examine the role of peer‐to‐peer (P2P) platforms in enhancing financial inclusion from the borrowers’ point of view across the rural–urban dimension. We show that when number of bank branches decrease in a rural community, the P2P loan requests increase if there is at least one bank branch in the community allowing people to participate in the P2P market. We also find that the number of P2P loan requests from urban areas is higher when such areas have fewer pawnshops per capita. Our results suggest that P2P enhances financial inclusion of those lacking traditional institutions in rural communities and offers an alternative to those with fewer fringe banks in urban communities.

Suggested Citation

  • Pankaj Kumar Maskara & Emre Kuvvet & Gengxuan Chen, 2021. "The role of P2P platforms in enhancing financial inclusion in the United States: An analysis of peer‐to‐peer lending across the rural–urban divide," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 50(3), pages 747-774, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:finmgt:v:50:y:2021:i:3:p:747-774
    DOI: 10.1111/fima.12341
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/fima.12341
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1111/fima.12341?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Alexander W. Butler & Jess Cornaggia & Umit G. Gurun, 2017. "Do Local Capital Market Conditions Affect Consumers’ Borrowing Decisions?," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 63(12), pages 4175-4187, December.
    2. Scott W. Hegerty, 2016. "Commercial bank locations and “banking deserts”: a statistical analysis of Milwaukee and Buffalo," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 56(1), pages 253-271, January.
    3. Carlotta Mariotto, 2016. "Competition for Lending in the Internet Era: the case of Peer-to-Peer Lending Marketplaces in the USA," Post-Print hal-01448534, HAL.
    4. Susan Payne Carter, 2015. "Payday Loan and Pawnshop Usage: The Impact of Allowing Payday Loan Rollovers," Journal of Consumer Affairs, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 49(2), pages 436-456, July.
    5. Neil Bhutta & Jacob Goldin & Tatiana Homonoff, 2016. "Consumer Borrowing after Payday Loan Bans," Journal of Law and Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 59(1), pages 225-259.
    6. Jagtiani, Julapa & Lemieux, Catharine, 2018. "Do fintech lenders penetrate areas that are underserved by traditional banks?," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 43-54.
    7. Robert Adams & Jacob Gramlich, 2016. "Where Are All the New Banks? The Role of Regulatory Burden in New Bank Formation," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 48(2), pages 181-208, March.
    8. Freedman, Seth & Jin, Ginger Zhe, 2017. "The information value of online social networks: Lessons from peer-to-peer lending," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 185-222.
    9. Robert Feinberg, 2009. "Patterns and Determinants of Entry in Rural County Banking Markets," Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, Springer, vol. 9(2), pages 101-115, June.
    10. Robert Feinberg, 2008. "Explaining the Credit Union Entry Decision, and Implications for Performance," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 33(1), pages 81-91, August.
    11. Russell D. Kashian & Ran Tao & Robert Drago, 2018. "Bank deserts in the USA and the Great Recession: geography and demographics," Journal of Economic Studies, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 45(4), pages 691-709, September.
    12. Goodstein, Ryan M. & Rhine, Sherrie L.W., 2017. "The effects of bank and nonbank provider locations on household use of financial transaction services," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 91-107.
    13. Anping Chen & Marlon Boarnet & Mark Partridge & Christopher S. Fowler & Jane K. Cover & Rachel Garshick Kleit, 2014. "The Geography Of Fringe Banking," Journal of Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 54(4), pages 688-710, September.
    14. Dorfleitner, Gregor & Priberny, Christopher & Schuster, Stephanie & Stoiber, Johannes & Weber, Martina & de Castro, Ivan & Kammler, Julia, 2016. "Description-text related soft information in peer-to-peer lending – Evidence from two leading European platforms," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 169-187.
    15. Depken II, Craig A. & Hollans, Harris & Swidler, Steve, 2010. "Do tax benefits conferred to Sub-S banks affect their deposit or loan rates?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 7(4), pages 238-245, December.
    16. Rodney Ramcharan & Christopher Crowe, 2013. "The Impact of House Prices on Consumer Credit: Evidence from an Internet Bank," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 45(6), pages 1085-1115, September.
    17. Mingfeng Lin & Siva Viswanathan, 2016. "Home Bias in Online Investments: An Empirical Study of an Online Crowdfunding Market," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 62(5), pages 1393-1414, May.
    18. Adam Nowak & Amanda Ross & Christopher Yencha, 2018. "Small Business Borrowing And Peer‐To‐Peer Lending: Evidence From Lending Club," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 36(2), pages 318-336, April.
    19. Cliff A. Robb & Patryk Babiarz & Ann Woodyard & Martin C. Seay, 2015. "Bounded Rationality and Use of Alternative Financial Services," Journal of Consumer Affairs, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 49(2), pages 407-435, July.
    20. Qizhi Tao & Yizhe Dong & Ziming Lin, 0. "Who can get money? Evidence from the Chinese peer-to-peer lending platform," Information Systems Frontiers, Springer, vol. 0, pages 1-17.
    21. Gonzalez, Laura & Loureiro, Yuliya Komarova, 2014. "When can a photo increase credit? The impact of lender and borrower profiles on online peer-to-peer loans," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 2(C), pages 44-58.
    22. Rodney Ramcharan & Christopher Crowe, 2013. "The Impact of House Prices on Consumer Credit: Evidence from an Internet Bank," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 45(6), pages 1085-1115, September.
    23. Steven Deller & Reka Sundaram-Stukel, 2012. "Spatial patterns in the location decisions of US credit unions," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 49(2), pages 417-445, October.
    24. Xuchen Lin & Xiaolong Li & Zhong Zheng, 2017. "Evaluating borrower’s default risk in peer-to-peer lending: evidence from a lending platform in China," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 49(35), pages 3538-3545, July.
    25. Taylor Canann & Richard Evans, 2015. "Determinants of Short-term Lender Location and Interest Rates," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 48(3), pages 235-262, December.
    26. Robin Prager, 2014. "Determinants of the Locations of Alternative Financial Service Providers," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 45(1), pages 21-38, August.
    27. James Barth & Jitka Hilliard & John Jahera, 2015. "Banks and Payday Lenders: Friends or Foes?," International Advances in Economic Research, Springer;International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 21(2), pages 139-153, May.
    28. Julapa Jagtiani & Catharine Lemieux, 2019. "The roles of alternative data and machine learning in fintech lending: Evidence from the LendingClub consumer platform," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 48(4), pages 1009-1029, December.
    29. Robert M. Adams & Jacob Gramlich, 2016. "Where Are All the New Banks? The Role of Regulatory Burden in New Bank Formation," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 48(2), pages 181-208, March.
    30. Qizhi Tao & Yizhe Dong & Ziming Lin, 2017. "Who can get money? Evidence from the Chinese peer-to-peer lending platform," Information Systems Frontiers, Springer, vol. 19(3), pages 425-441, June.
    31. Demirguc-Kunt,Asli & Klapper,Leora & Singer,Dorothe, 2017. "Financial inclusion and inclusive growth : a review of recent empirical evidence," Policy Research Working Paper Series 8040, The World Bank.
    32. Riza Emekter & Yanbin Tu & Benjamas Jirasakuldech & Min Lu, 2015. "Evaluating credit risk and loan performance in online Peer-to-Peer (P2P) lending," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 47(1), pages 54-70, January.
    33. Mingfeng Lin & Nagpurnanand R. Prabhala & Siva Viswanathan, 2013. "Judging Borrowers by the Company They Keep: Friendship Networks and Information Asymmetry in Online Peer-to-Peer Lending," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 59(1), pages 17-35, August.
    34. Joshua Shackman & Glen Tenney, 2006. "The Effects of Government Regulations on the Supply of Pawn Loans: Evidence from 51 Jurisdictions in the U.S," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 30(1), pages 69-91, August.
    35. Juanjuan Zhang & Peng Liu, 2012. "Rational Herding in Microloan Markets," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 58(5), pages 892-912, May.
    36. Bertsch, Christoph & Hull, Isaiah & Qi, Yingjie & Zhang, Xin, 2020. "Bank misconduct and online lending," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 116(C).
    37. Joshua Shackman & Glen Tenney, 2006. "The Effects of Government Regulations on the Supply of Pawn Loans: Evidence from 51 Jurisdictions in the U.S," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 30(2), pages 229-229, October.
    38. Jefferson Duarte & Stephan Siegel & Lance Young, 2012. "Trust and Credit: The Role of Appearance in Peer-to-peer Lending," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 25(8), pages 2455-2484.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. José Antonio Núñez Mora & Pamela Moncayo & Carlos Franco & Pilar Madrazo-Lemarroy & Jaime Beltrán, 2023. "Loan Default Prediction: A Complete Revision of LendingClub," Remef - Revista Mexicana de Economía y Finanzas Nueva Época REMEF (The Mexican Journal of Economics and Finance), Instituto Mexicano de Ejecutivos de Finanzas, IMEF, vol. 18(3), pages 1-13, Julio - S.
    2. Minhua Yang, 2022. "Financial innovation regulations and firm performance: Evidence from Chinese listed firms," Australian Economic Papers, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 61(1), pages 24-41, March.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Serena Gallo, 2021. "Fintech platforms: Lax or careful borrowers’ screening?," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 7(1), pages 1-33, December.
    2. Qun Chen & Ji-Wen Li & Jian-Guo Liu & Jing-Ti Han & Yun Shi & Xun-Hua Guo, 2021. "Borrower Learning Effects: Do Prior Experiences Promote Continuous Successes in Peer-to-Peer Lending?," Information Systems Frontiers, Springer, vol. 23(4), pages 963-986, August.
    3. Qun Chen & Ji-Wen Li & Jian-Guo Liu & Jing-Ti Han & Yun Shi & Xun-Hua Guo, 0. "Borrower Learning Effects: Do Prior Experiences Promote Continuous Successes in Peer-to-Peer Lending?," Information Systems Frontiers, Springer, vol. 0, pages 1-24.
    4. Mengyin Li & Phillip H. Phan & Xian Sun, 2021. "Business Friendliness: A Double-Edged Sword," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-22, February.
    5. Lu, Haitian & Wang, Bo & Wang, Haizhi & Zhao, Tianyu, 2020. "Does social capital matter for peer-to-peer-lending? Empirical evidence," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).
    6. Oleksandr Talavera & Haofeng Xu, 2018. "Role of Verification in Peer-to-Peer Lending," Working Papers 2018-25, Swansea University, School of Management.
    7. Xueru Chen & Xiaoji Hu & Shenglin Ben, 2021. "How do reputation, structure design and FinTech ecosystem affect the net cash inflow of P2P lending platforms? Evidence from China," Electronic Commerce Research, Springer, vol. 21(4), pages 1055-1082, December.
    8. Bertsch, Christoph & Hull, Isaiah & Qi, Yingjie & Zhang, Xin, 2020. "Bank misconduct and online lending," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 116(C).
    9. Li, Jianwen & Zhang, Bo & Jiang, Mingming & Hu, Jinyan, 2023. "Homophilous intensity in the online lending market: Bidding behavior and economic effects," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).
    10. Xia, Yufei & Zhao, Junhao & He, Lingyun & Li, Yinguo & Yang, Xiaoli, 2021. "Forecasting loss given default for peer-to-peer loans via heterogeneous stacking ensemble approach," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 37(4), pages 1590-1613.
    11. Carlos Sanchis-Pedregosa & Emma Berenguer & Gema Albort-Morant & Jorge Anton Sanz, 2020. "Guaranteed Crowdlending Loans: A Tool for Entrepreneurial Finance Ecosystem Sustainability," The AMFITEATRU ECONOMIC journal, Academy of Economic Studies - Bucharest, Romania, vol. 22(55), pages 775-775, August.
    12. Bollaert, Helen & Lopez-de-Silanes, Florencio & Schwienbacher, Armin, 2021. "Fintech and access to finance," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    13. Samuel Ribeiro-Navarrete & Juan Piñeiro-Chousa & M. Ángeles López-Cabarcos & Daniel Palacios-Marqués, 2022. "Crowdlending: mapping the core literature and research frontiers," Review of Managerial Science, Springer, vol. 16(8), pages 2381-2411, November.
    14. Štefan Lyócsa & Petra Vašaničová & Branka Hadji Misheva & Marko Dávid Vateha, 2022. "Default or profit scoring credit systems? Evidence from European and US peer-to-peer lending markets," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 8(1), pages 1-21, December.
    15. Yang Jiang & Yi-Chun (Chad) Ho & Xiangbin Yan & Yong Tan, 2020. "When Online Lending Meets Real Estate: Examining Investment Decisions in Lending-Based Real Estate Crowdfunding," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 31(3), pages 715-730, September.
    16. Zhu, Zongyuan, 2018. "Safety promise, moral hazard and financial supervision: Evidence from peer-to-peer lending," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 1-5.
    17. Jin, Ming & Yin, Mingmei & Chen, Zhongfei, 2021. "Do investors prefer borrowers from high level of trust cities? Evidence from China’s P2P market," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 58(C).
    18. Liu, Aiping & Urquía-Grande, Elena & López-Sánchez, Pilar & Rodríguez-López, Ángel, 2023. "Research into microfinance and ICTs: A bibliometric analysis," Evaluation and Program Planning, Elsevier, vol. 97(C).
    19. Liu, He & Qiao, Han & Wang, Shouyang & Li, Yuze, 2019. "Platform Competition in Peer-to-Peer Lending Considering Risk Control Ability," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 274(1), pages 280-290.
    20. Andrew Grant & Luke Deer, 2020. "Consumer marketplace lending in Australia: Credit scores and loan funding success," Australian Journal of Management, Australian School of Business, vol. 45(4), pages 607-623, November.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bla:finmgt:v:50:y:2021:i:3:p:747-774. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/fmaaaea.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.