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Quantifying the Impact of Scientific Research on Agriculture

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  • Davide Viaggi

Abstract

With the growing importance of science and innovation for farming, the scope for summary monetary estimates of the impact of agricultural research on productivity suggests internal rates of return of between 7 and 15 per cent, and time lags in maximum impact of around nine years. However, the extent to which the transmission process can be regarded as a ‘black box’ for econometric purposes is considered increasingly inappropriate, since the intermediate steps between research and the impacts of resulting technology adoption are increasingly complex and involve growing numbers of actors, actions and a wider set of policy objectives. Significant difficulties are encountered in quantifying research impacts, including gaps in data for dependent and explanatory variables. New features of the agricultural sector also need to be accounted for, which relate to the role of knowledge engineering, globalisation and the establishment of new impact pathways which are affecting the speed of transmission of innovations. Public support for agricultural research funding is generally justified but returns are not sufficiently high, thus requiring careful reflection on priorities for research investment. Combined use of qualitative and quantitative evaluation approaches can be complementary and more effective than relying on either alone.Compte tenu de l'importance croissante de la science et de l'innovation pour l'agriculture, les estimations monétaires de l'impact final de la recherche agricole sur la productivité suggèrent des taux de rentabilité internes compris entre 7 et 15 pour cent et des délais d'environ neuf ans pour obtenir l'impact complet. Cependant, la mesure dans laquelle le processus de transmission peut être considéré comme une «boîte noire» à des fins économétriques est de plus en plus inappropriée, car les étapes intermédiaires entre la recherche et les impacts de l'adoption des technologies qui en sont issues sont de plus en plus complexes et impliquent un nombre croissant d'acteurs et d'actions, et un ensemble plus large d'objectifs de politique. La quantification des impacts de la recherche présente des difficultés importantes, y compris les lacunes dans les données pour les variables dépendantes et explicatives. Il faut aussi prendre en compte les nouvelles caractéristiques du secteur agricole relatives au rôle de l'ingénierie des connaissances, à la mondialisation et la mise en place de nouvelles voies d'impact qui affectent la vitesse de transmission des innovations. Le soutien public au financement de la recherche agricole est généralement justifié mais les rendements ne sont pas suffisamment élevés, ce qui nécessite une réflexion approfondie sur les priorités d'investissement dans la recherche. Il peut être plus efficace de combiner des approches d’évaluation qualitatives et quantitatives de façon complémentaire que de s'appuyer sur l'une ou l'autre.Wissenschaft und Innovation sind für die Landwirtschaft von zunehmender Bedeutung. Schätzungen zu den Auswirkungen der Agrarforschung auf die Produktivität weisen interne Renditen zwischen 7 und 15 Prozent und einen Timelag bis zur größtmöglichen Wirkung von etwa neun Jahren auf. Das Ausmaß, in welchem der Übertragungsprozess für ökonometrische Zwecke als „Blackbox†angesehen werden kann, wird jedoch zunehmend als nicht sachgemäß erachtet. Der Grund hierfür ist, dass die einzelnen Schritte von der Forschung bis hin zu den Auswirkungen einer neuen Technologie immer komplexer werden und eine wachsende Anzahl von Akteuren und Handlungen sowie ein breiteres Spektrum politischer Ziele beinhalten. Bei der Quantifizierung von Auswirkungen der Forschung treten erhebliche Schwierigkeiten auf, einschließlich der Datenlücken bei abhängigen und unabhängigen Variablen. Zudem müssen auch neue Merkmale des Agrarsektors mit einbezogen werden. Diese beziehen sich auf die Rolle der Wissensverarbeitung, die Globalisierung und die Schaffung neuer Wirkungspfade, welche sich auf die Umsetzungsgeschwindigkeit von Innovationen auswirken. Die öffentliche Finanzierung der Agrarforschung ist generell gerechtfertigt. Allerdings sind die Erträge nicht hoch genug, so dass die Prioritäten für die Forschungsausgaben sorgfältig betrachtet werden müssen. Die kombinierte Anwendung von qualitativen und quantitativen Bewertungsansätzen kann komplementär und effektiver sein, als wenn nur ein Ansatz allein verwendet wird.

Suggested Citation

  • Davide Viaggi, 2018. "Quantifying the Impact of Scientific Research on Agriculture," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 17(1), pages 19-24, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:eurcho:v:17:y:2018:i:1:p:19-24
    DOI: 10.1111/1746-692X.12182
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    6. Fuglie, Keith, 2015. "Accounting for growth in global agriculture," Bio-based and Applied Economics Journal, Italian Association of Agricultural and Applied Economics (AIEAA), vol. 4(3), pages 1-34, December.
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