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Breaking up the collective farms

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  • Martin Ravallion
  • Dominique Van De Walle

Abstract

The de‐collectivization of Vietnamese agriculture was a crucial step in the country's transition to a market economy. The assignment of land‐use rights had to be decentralized and local cadres ostensibly had the power to capture this process. We assess the realized land allocation against explicit counter‐factuals. Depending on the region, we find that 95–99 percent of maximum aggregate consumption was realized by a land allocation that generated lower inequality overall, with the poorest absolutely better off. We attribute this outcome to initial conditions at the time of reform and actions by the centre to curtail the power of local elites.

Suggested Citation

  • Martin Ravallion & Dominique Van De Walle, 2004. "Breaking up the collective farms," The Economics of Transition, The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, vol. 12(2), pages 201-236, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:etrans:v:12:y:2004:i:2:p:201-236
    DOI: 10.1111/j.0967-0750.2004.00177.x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Foster, James & Greer, Joel & Thorbecke, Erik, 1984. "A Class of Decomposable Poverty Measures," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 52(3), pages 761-766, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Luciano Ayala-cantu & Bruno Morando, 2018. "Rental markets, gender, and land certificates: Evidence from Vietnam," WIDER Working Paper Series 96, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    2. Phuc Van Phan & Martin O'Brien, 2022. "Is small beautiful? An empirical analysis of land characteristics and rural household income in Vietnam," Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society, vol. 66(3), pages 561-580, July.
    3. Thomas Markussen & Finn Tarp & Katleen Van den Broeck, 2009. "The Forgotten Property Rights: Restrictions on Land Use in Vietnam," Discussion Papers 09-21, University of Copenhagen. Department of Economics.
    4. Thomas Markussen & Finn Tarp, 2011. "Political Connections and Investment in Rural Vietnam," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2011-037, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    5. Klump, Rainer & Prüfer, Patricia, 2005. "How to prioritise policies for poverty reduction: Applying Bayesian Model Averaging to Vietnam," Proceedings of the German Development Economics Conference, Kiel 2005 27, Verein für Socialpolitik, Research Committee Development Economics.
    6. Maredia, Mywish K., 2009. "Improving the proof: Evolution of and emerging trends in impact assessment methods and approaches in agricultural development," IFPRI discussion papers 929, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    7. Klaus Deininger & Songqing Jin, 2008. "Land Sales and Rental Markets in Transition: Evidence from Rural Vietnam," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 70(1), pages 67-101, February.
    8. Fredrik Carlsson & Pham Khanh Nam & Martin Linde-Rahr & Peter Martinsson, 2007. "Are Vietnamese farmers concerned with their relative position in society?," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 43(7), pages 1177-1188.
    9. Thomas Markussen, 2015. "Land issues in Vietnam 2006-14: Markets, property rights, and investment," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2015-088, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    10. Thomas Markussen & Finn Tarp & Do Huy Thiep & Nguyen Do Anh Tuan, 2016. "Inter- and intra-farm land fragmentation in Vietnam," WIDER Working Paper Series 011, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    11. Thomas Markussen & Finn Tarp & Do Huy Thiep & Nguyen Do Anh Tuan, 2016. "Inter- and intra-farm land fragmentation in Vietnam," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2016-11, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    12. B. Ikubolajeh Logan & George Tengbeh & Brilliant Petja, 2012. "Towards a reorientation in land reform: From a market to locality-driven approach in South Africa’s land restitution programme," Progress in Development Studies, , vol. 12(2-3), pages 173-191, July.
    13. Karen Macours & Johan Swinnen, 2006. "Rural Poverty in Transition Countries," LICOS Discussion Papers 16906, LICOS - Centre for Institutions and Economic Performance, KU Leuven.
    14. Thomas Markussen, 2015. "Land issues in Vietnam 2006-14: Markets, property rights, and investment," WIDER Working Paper Series 088, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    15. Markussen, Thomas & Tarp, Finn & Van Den Broeck, Katleen, 2011. "The Forgotten Property Rights: Evidence on Land Use Rights in Vietnam," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 39(5), pages 839-850, May.
    16. Ravallion, Martin & van de Walle, Dominique, 2008. "Does rising landlessness signal success or failure for Vietnam's agrarian transition?," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 87(2), pages 191-209, October.
    17. Ho, Hoang-Anh, 2021. "Land tenure and economic development: Evidence from Vietnam," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 140(C).
    18. Marsh, Sally P. & MacAulay, T. Gordon, 2003. "Farm Size and Land Use Changes in Vietnam Following Land Reforms," 2003 Conference (47th), February 12-14, 2003, Fremantle, Australia 57919, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society.
    19. Macours, Karen & Swinnen, Johan F.M., 2008. "Rural-Urban Poverty Differences in Transition Countries," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 36(11), pages 2170-2187, November.
    20. Jehovaness Aikaeli & Thomas Markussen, 2017. "The effects of land titling in Tanzania," WIDER Working Paper Series 168, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    21. Markussen, Thomas & Tarp, Finn, 2011. "Political connections and investment in rural Vietnam," 2011 ASAE 7th International Conference, October 13-15, Hanoi, Vietnam 291321, Asian Society of Agricultural Economists (ASAE).
    22. Jehovaness Aikaeli & Thomas Markussen, 2017. "The effects of land titling in Tanzania," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2017-168, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    23. Markussen, Thomas & Tarp, Finn, 2014. "Political connections and land-related investment in rural Vietnam," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 291-302.

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