IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/canjag/v67y2019i1p103-114.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Wheat stocks and the cointegration of wheat prices

Author

Listed:
  • Peter Slade
  • Richard Gray

Abstract

We examine the effect of wheat stocks on the relationship between port and inland wheat prices in western Canada after the dissolution of the Canadian Wheat Board in 2012. Standard statistical tests find no evidence that the port price is cointegrated with inland prices. We argue that large harvests in 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 are responsible for this lack of cointegration. A simple theoretical model demonstrates how wheat stocks drive a wedge between inland and port prices. After including wheat stocks in the cointegrating vector, we find the expected cointegrating relationships between the port and inland prices. Using an error correction model, we show that a 10% increase in the wheat stocks reduces producer prices in Alberta and Manitoba by 6% and 4%, respectively. We conclude by discussing policy options for reducing the size of wheat stocks on the prairies. Nous examinons les effets des réserves de blé sur la relation entre ses prix portuaires et intérieurs dans l'ouest canadien suivant la dissolution de la Commission canadienne du blé en 2012. Des tests statistiques normalisés ne montrent pas la cointégration des prix portuaires aux prix intérieurs. Nous postulons que les récoltes abondantes de 2013–2014 et de 2014–2015 sont responsables pour cette absence de cointégration. Un modèle théorique simple démontre comment les réserves de blé creusent le fossé entre les prix portuaires et intérieurs. Après avoir intégré les réserves de blé au vecteur de cointégration, nous retrouvons la relation cointégrée attendue entre les prix portuaires et intérieurs. Au moyen d'un modèle à correction d'erreurs, nous démontrons qu'une augmentation de 10% des réserves de blé réduit les prix des producteurs en Alberta et au Manitoba de 6% et 4%, respectivement. Nous concluons par une discussion concernant les diverses potentielles politiques visant la réduction des réserves de blé sur la prairies.

Suggested Citation

  • Peter Slade & Richard Gray, 2019. "Wheat stocks and the cointegration of wheat prices," Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, Canadian Agricultural Economics Society/Societe canadienne d'agroeconomie, vol. 67(1), pages 103-114, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:canjag:v:67:y:2019:i:1:p:103-114
    DOI: 10.1111/cjag.12181
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/cjag.12181
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1111/cjag.12181?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Pesaran, M. Hashem & Shin, Yongcheol & Smith, Richard J., 2000. "Structural analysis of vector error correction models with exogenous I(1) variables," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 97(2), pages 293-343, August.
    2. Johansen, Soren & Juselius, Katarina, 1990. "Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Inference on Cointegration--With Applications to the Demand for Money," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 52(2), pages 169-210, May.
    3. Nolan, James F., 2015. "Grain Handling and Transportation Policy in Canada: Implications for the United States," Choices: The Magazine of Food, Farm, and Resource Issues, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 30(3), pages 1-7, July.
    4. Colin A. Carter & R.M.A. Loyns & Derek Berwald, 1998. "Domestic Costs of Statutory Marketing Authorities: The Case of the Canadian Wheat Board," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 80(2), pages 313-324.
    5. Johansen, Soren, 1995. "Likelihood-Based Inference in Cointegrated Vector Autoregressive Models," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780198774501.
    6. Samarendu Mohanty & William H. Meyers & Darnell B. Smith, 1999. "A Reexamination of Price Dynamics in the International Wheat Market," Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, Canadian Agricultural Economics Society/Societe canadienne d'agroeconomie, vol. 47(1), pages 21-29, March.
    7. Huck, Steffen & Normann, Hans-Theo & Oechssler, Jorg, 2004. "Two are few and four are many: number effects in experimental oligopolies," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 53(4), pages 435-446, April.
    8. P. J. Dawson & Ana I. Sanjuán, 2006. "Structural Breaks, the Export Enhancement Program and the Relationship between Canadian and US Hard Wheat Prices," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 57(1), pages 101-116, March.
    9. Devin Serfas & Richard Gray & Peter Slade, 2018. "Congestion and Distribution of Rents in Wheat Export Sector: A Canada–U.S. Cross†Border Comparison," Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, Canadian Agricultural Economics Society/Societe canadienne d'agroeconomie, vol. 66(2), pages 187-207, June.
    10. Derek G. Brewin, 2016. "Competition in Canada's Agricultural Value Chains: The Case of Grain," Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, Canadian Agricultural Economics Society/Societe canadienne d'agroeconomie, vol. 64(1), pages 5-19, March.
    11. Samarendu Mohanty & E. Wesley F. Peterson & Damell B. Smith, 1996. "Relationships between U.S. and Canadian Wheat Prices: Cointegration and Error Correction Approach," Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, Canadian Agricultural Economics Society/Societe canadienne d'agroeconomie, vol. 44(3), pages 265-276, November.
    12. Samarendu Mohanty & E. Wesley F. Peterson & Nancy Cottrell Kruse, 1995. "Price Asymmetry in the International Wheat Market," Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, Canadian Agricultural Economics Society/Societe canadienne d'agroeconomie, vol. 43(3), pages 355-366, November.
    13. Park, Joon J. & Koo, Won W., 2001. "U.S./Canada Grain Handling And Transportation Systems," Agribusiness & Applied Economics Report 23576, North Dakota State University, Department of Agribusiness and Applied Economics.
    14. Atanu Ghoshray, 2002. "Agricultural Economics Society Prize Essay Asymmetric Price Adjustment and the World Wheat Market," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 53(2), pages 299-317, July.
    15. Johansen, Soren, 1988. "Statistical analysis of cointegration vectors," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 12(2-3), pages 231-254.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Colin A. Carter & Shon M. Ferguson, 2020. "State trading deregulation and prairie durum wheat production," Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, Canadian Agricultural Economics Society/Societe canadienne d'agroeconomie, vol. 68(1), pages 107-116, March.
    2. Peter Slade & Patrick Lloyd-Smith & Tristan Skolrud, 2020. "The Effect of Carbon Tax on Farm Income: Comment," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 77(2), pages 335-344, October.
    3. Curtis McKnight & Feng Qiu & Marty Luckert & Grant Hauer, 2021. "Prices for a second‐generation biofuel industry in Canada: Market linkages between Canadian wheat and US energy and agricultural commodities," Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, Canadian Agricultural Economics Society/Societe canadienne d'agroeconomie, vol. 69(3), pages 337-351, September.
    4. Jacob Wells & Peter Slade, 2021. "The effect of the Canada–China canola trade dispute on canola prices," Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, Canadian Agricultural Economics Society/Societe canadienne d'agroeconomie, vol. 69(1), pages 141-149, March.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Chebbi, Houssem Eddine & Lachaal, Lassaad, 2007. "Agricultural Sector and Economic Growth in Tunisia: Evidence from Co-integration and Error Correction Mechanism," 103rd Seminar, April 23-25, 2007, Barcelona, Spain 9416, European Association of Agricultural Economists.
    2. Neil R. Ericsson & James G. MacKinnon, 2002. "Distributions of error correction tests for cointegration," Econometrics Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 5(2), pages 285-318, June.
    3. Christian Müller-Kademann, 2009. "Biased Estimation in a Simple Extension of a Standard Error Correction Model," Swiss Journal of Economics and Statistics (SJES), Swiss Society of Economics and Statistics (SSES), vol. 145(I), pages 37-60, March.
    4. Konstantakis, Konstantinos N. & Michaelides, Panayotis G., 2014. "Transmission of the debt crisis: From EU15 to USA or vice versa? A GVAR approach," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 115-132.
    5. Yavapolkul, Navin & Gopinath, Munisamy & Gulati, Ashok, 2004. "Post-Uruguay Round price linkages between developed and developing countries," MTID discussion papers 76, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    6. Christian MÜLLER, 2010. "Interpretation of Cointegration Coefficients - A Paradox, a Solution and Empirical Evidence," EcoMod2004 330600100, EcoMod.
    7. Giorgio Canarella & Stephen M. Miller & Stephen K. Pollard, 2012. "Purchasing Power Parity between the UK and the Euro Area," Working Papers 1208, University of Nevada, Las Vegas , Department of Economics.
    8. Abdul Qayyum, 2005. "Modelling the Demand for Money in Pakistan," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 44(3), pages 233-252.
    9. Esteban-Bravo, Mercedes & Vidal-Sanz, Jose M. & Yildirim, Gökhan, 2012. "Expenditure trends in US advertising : long-term effects and structural changes with new media introductions," DEE - Working Papers. Business Economics. WB wb121506, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Departamento de Economía de la Empresa.
    10. da Silva, Patricia Pereira & Moreno, Blanca & Figueiredo, Nuno Carvalho, 2016. "Firm-specific impacts of CO2 prices on the stock market value of the Spanish power industry," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 492-501.
    11. Pietro Giorgio Lovaglio, 2022. "Do job vacancies variations anticipate employment variations by sector? Some preliminary evidence from Italy," LABOUR, CEIS, vol. 36(1), pages 71-93, March.
    12. Giorgio Canarella & Stephen Miller & Stephen Pollard, 2014. "Purchasing Power Parity Between the UK and Germany: The Euro Era," Open Economies Review, Springer, vol. 25(4), pages 677-699, September.
    13. Kadir Eryigit & Suleyman Karaman, 2011. "Testing for spatial market integration and law of one price in Turkish wheat markets," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 45(6), pages 1519-1530, October.
    14. Muhammad SHAHBAZ & Smile DUBE, 2012. "Revisiting the Relationship between Coal Consumption and Economic Growth: Cointegration and Causality Analysis in Pakistan," Applied Econometrics and International Development, Euro-American Association of Economic Development, vol. 12(1).
    15. Judith Giles & Cara Williams, 2001. "Export-led growth: a survey of the empirical literature and some non-causality results. Part 2," The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 9(4), pages 445-470.
    16. Hallin, M. & van den Akker, R. & Werker, B.J.M., 2012. "Rank-based Tests of the Cointegrating Rank in Semiparametric Error Correction Models," Other publications TiSEM bc68a2f2-3ca3-443c-b3ac-f, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
    17. Hauser, Shmuel & Kedar-Levy, Haim & Milo, Orit, 2022. "Price discovery during parallel stocks and options preopening: Information distortion and hints of manipulation," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 59(PA).
    18. Shahbaz, Muhammad & Rasool, Ghulam & Ahmed, Khalid & Mahalik, Mantu Kumar, 2016. "Considering the effect of biomass energy consumption on economic growth: Fresh evidence from BRICS region," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 1442-1450.
    19. Lendjoungou, Francis, 2009. "Competitiveness and the real exchange rate: the standpoint of countries in the CEMAC zone," MPRA Paper 17053, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    20. Tang, Chor Foon & Tan, Eu Chye, 2015. "Does tourism effectively stimulate Malaysia's economic growth?," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 158-163.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bla:canjag:v:67:y:2019:i:1:p:103-114. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/caefmea.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.