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Examining the Canada–China agri‐food trade relationship: Firms, trading partners, and trading volumes

Author

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  • Chaoping Xie
  • Jianfeng Gao
  • Jason H. Grant
  • Sven Anders

Abstract

The “new‐new” trade theory has dramatically shifted the focus of international economics research to heterogeneous firms and the margins by which firms participate in international trade. However, few studies have examined the dynamics of agricultural trade at the firm level. This paper employs China Customs data comprising the universe of Chinese firm‐level agricultural import transactions over the period 2000–2009 and develops an empirical strategy to decompose the growth of Chinese agri‐food imports of its four major suppliers, Canada, the United States, Brazil, and Argentina. Our findings reveal that China's growth in agricultural imports is highly concentrated among a small group of firms, where the top 10% of Chinese agricultural importers account for nearly 90% of its agricultural imports. We also find evidence of a significant turn‐over of importers of agri‐food products. Over 40% of new firms entering China's agricultural import market during our sample exited after just 1.7 years. Finally, decomposing import growth patterns for Canada and its competing suppliers reveals significant differences in the intensive and extensive margins of trade that hold important implications for trade policies aimed at enhancing Canada's position as a major agri‐food supplier in the Chinese market. La « nouvelle » théorie du commerce a dramatiquement fait basculer les intérêts de la recherche économique internationale vers les firmes hétérogènes, ainsi que les marges de participation des firmes dans le commerce international. Par contre, peu d'études se penchent sur les dynamiques du commerce agricole du point de vue des entreprises. Cette étude fait usage des données douanières composées des transactions d'importations agricoles d'entreprises de 2000 à 2009 et propose une stratégie empirique pour décomposer la croissance des importations agroalimentaires chinoises de ses quatre principaux fournisseurs : le Canada, les États‐Unis, le Brésil, et l'Argentine. Nos résultats révèlent que la croissance des importations agricoles en Chine est largement concentrée chez un petit groupe d'entreprises parmi lesquelles 10 % des importateurs agricoles représentent presque 90 % des importations agricoles. Nous trouvons aussi des preuves d'un roulement considérable des importateurs de produits agricoles. Pendant notre échantillonnage, parmi les nouvelles entreprises s'intégrant au marché des importations agricoles en Chine, plus de 40 % en sont sortis après 1,7 an. Finalement, l'examen des tendances de croissance pour le Canada et ses fournisseurs concurrents démontre des différences significatives dans les marges commerciales intensives et extensives ayant de majeures répercussions sur les politiques commerciales dont l'objectif est de rehausser la position du Canada comme fournisseur agroalimentaire d'envergure au sein du marché chinois.

Suggested Citation

  • Chaoping Xie & Jianfeng Gao & Jason H. Grant & Sven Anders, 2018. "Examining the Canada–China agri‐food trade relationship: Firms, trading partners, and trading volumes," Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, Canadian Agricultural Economics Society/Societe canadienne d'agroeconomie, vol. 66(4), pages 539-555, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:canjag:v:66:y:2018:i:4:p:539-555
    DOI: 10.1111/cjag.12172
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    1. Sun, Dongsheng & Liu, Yifang & Grant, Jason & Long, Yanyu & Wang, Xiaojuan & Xie, Chaoping, 2021. "Impact of food safety regulations on agricultural trade: Evidence from China's import refusal data," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 105(C).
    2. Jian Zhang & Ashok K. Mishra & Peixin Zhu, 2021. "Land rental markets and labor productivity: Evidence from rural China," Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, Canadian Agricultural Economics Society/Societe canadienne d'agroeconomie, vol. 69(1), pages 93-115, March.

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