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Der unitarische Bundesstaat in Deutschland: Pfadabhängigkeit und Wandel

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  • Lehmbruch, Gerhard

Abstract

Die Eigenart des deutschen Föderalismus erschließt sich in einer historischen Analyse der bundesstaatlichen Institutionen. Dabei wird ein hohes Maß an Pfadabhängigkeit sichtbar, die ihre Persistenz über einen langen Zeitraum hinweg der Ko-Evolution von politisch-kulturellen Orientierungen (Unitarismus) und institutionellen Arrangements verdankte. Die institutionellen Arrangements entfalteten sich sukzessive über mehrere Entwicklungssequenzen hinweg, die in einer Abfolge komplementärer institutioneller Weichenstellungen (1849, 1867/1871, 1919, 1945-1949) ein System von zunehmender, überaus veränderungsresistenter Komplexität hervorbrachten. Die Langfristanalyse führt zu dem Schluss, dass der institutionelle Kern des komplex verflochtenen unitarischen Bundesstaates, wie das Ergebnis dieses Entwicklungspfades genannt worden ist, weiterhin eine durch Pfadabhängigkeit bedingte Resistenz gegen institutional engineering aufweist. Die unitarischen politisch-kulturellen Orientierungen hingegen, die seit der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts zur Selbstreproduktion dieses Entwicklungspfades beitrugen und deren Bezugsrahmen der Nationalstaat war, werden in zunehmendem Maße obsolet. Dies könnte Veränderungsspielräume eröffnen, die sich am Dezentralisierungsparadigma orientieren.

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  • Lehmbruch, Gerhard, 2002. "Der unitarische Bundesstaat in Deutschland: Pfadabhängigkeit und Wandel," MPIfG Discussion Paper 02/2, Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:mpifgd:022
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    1. repec:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/2b86iahfka8nib85jevjn10bsn is not listed on IDEAS
    2. Libman, Alexander Mikhailovich, 2009. "Эндогенные Границы И Распределение Власти В Федерациях И Международных Сообществах [ENDOGENOUS BOUNDARIES AND DISTRIBUTION OF POWER In the Federation]," MPRA Paper 16473, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Marie-Laure Djelic & Sigrid Quack, 2006. "Rethinking Path Dependency: The Crooked Path of Institutional Change in Post-War Germany," Post-Print hal-01891994, HAL.
    4. Berthold, Norbert & Fricke, Holger, 2003. "Deutschland im Herbst 2003 - blockierter Standortwettbewerb der Bundesländer," Discussion Paper Series 69, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Chair of Economic Order and Social Policy.
    5. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/2b86iahfka8nib85jevjn10bsn is not listed on IDEAS

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