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Market Emergence, Trust and Reputation

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  • Marcel Fafchamps

Abstract

First draft: February 1996. This draft: November 1996. Drawing insights from survey work on enterprise finance and from the literature on credit and labor markets, this paper investigates the spontaneous emergence of markets in the presence of heterogeneous agents and commitment failure. We show that courts and other formal market institutions are not a prerequisite for market exchange to take place. Fully decentralized markets can spontaneously emerge and discipline themselves. Exchange is not anonymous but based on mutual trust and on the sharing of information among agents. Economic efficiency is not fully achieved. Screening costs lead to closed-shop markets and segmented equilibria. The permanent exclusion of cheaters from future trade can be self-enforcing and self-emerging if breach of contract is interpreted as a sign of impending bankruptcy.

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  • Marcel Fafchamps, "undated". "Market Emergence, Trust and Reputation," Working Papers 96016, Stanford University, Department of Economics.
    • Handle: RePEc:wop:stanec:96016
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    File URL: http://www.stanford.edu/~fafchamp/emerg.pdf
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    Cited by:

    1. Javier Escobal, 2000. "Costo de transacción en la agricultura peruana: una primera aproximación a su medición e impacto," Otras investigaciones, Consorcio de Investigación Económica y Social.
    2. Fafchamps, Marcel, 1997. "Trade credit in Zimbabwean manufacturing," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 25(5), pages 795-815, May.
    3. Jan Willem Gunning & Paul Collier, 1999. "Explaining African Economic Performance," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 37(1), pages 64-111, March.
    4. Gagliardi, Francesca, 2008. "Institutions and economic change: A critical survey of the new institutional approaches and empirical evidence," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 416-443, February.
    5. Oomes, Nienke, 2003. "Local trade networks and spatially persistent unemployment," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 27(11-12), pages 2115-2149, September.
    6. weijland, Hermine, 1999. "Microenterprise Clusters in Rural Indonesia: Industrial Seedbed and Policy Target," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 27(9), pages 1515-1530, September.
    7. John Shuhe Li, 2003. "Relation‐based versus Rule‐based Governance: an Explanation of the East Asian Miracle and Asian Crisis," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 11(4), pages 651-673, September.

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