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Bank Credit And Business Networks

Author

Listed:
  • Asim Ijaz Khwaja

    (Harvard University)

  • Atif R. Mian

    (Princeton University)

  • Abid Qamar

    (State Bank of Pakistan)

Abstract

We construct the topology of business networks across the population of firms in an emerging economy, Pakistan, and estimate the value that membership in large yet diffuse networks brings in terms of access to bank credit and improving financial viability. We link two firms if they have a common director. The resulting topology includes a "giant network" that is order of magnitudes larger than the second largest network. While it displays "small world" properties and comprises 5 percent of all firms, it accesses two-thirds of all bank credit. We estimate the value of joining this giant network by exploiting "incidental" entry and exit of firms over time. Membership increases total external financing by 16.6 percent, reduces the propensity to enter financial distress by 9.5 percent, and better insures firms against industry and location shocks. Firms that join improve financial access by borrowing more from new lenders, particularly those already lending to their (new) giant-network neighbors. Network benefits also depend critically on where a firm connects to in the network and on the firm's pre-existing strength.

Suggested Citation

  • Asim Ijaz Khwaja & Atif R. Mian & Abid Qamar, 2011. "Bank Credit And Business Networks," Working Papers 2011-1, Princeton University. Economics Department..
    • Handle: RePEc:pri:econom:2011-1
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    Cited by:

    1. Jing Cai & Adam Szeidl, 2018. "Interfirm Relationships and Business Performance," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 133(3), pages 1229-1282.
    2. Kim Young-Chul & Ryu Doojin, 2023. "Segregation, Education Cost, and Group Inequality," Economics - The Open-Access, Open-Assessment Journal, De Gruyter, vol. 17(1), pages 1-10, January.
    3. Kutubi, Shawgat S. & Ahmed, Kamran & Khan, Hayat, 2018. "Bank performance and risk-taking — Does directors' busyness matter?," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 184-199.
    4. Baele, Lieven & Farooq, Moazzam & Ongena, Steven, 2014. "Of religion and redemption: Evidence from default on Islamic loans," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 141-159.
    5. Choudhary, M. Ali & Jain, Anil, 2022. "Finance and inequality: The distributional impacts of bank credit rationing," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
    6. Theo Cotrim Martins & Rafael Schiozer & Fernando de Menezes Linardi, 2023. "The Information Content from Lending Relationships Across the Supply Chain," Working Papers Series 577, Central Bank of Brazil, Research Department.
    7. Choudhary, M. Ali & Jain, Anil K., 2020. "How public information affects asymmetrically informed lenders: Evidence from a credit registry reform," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    8. Choudhary, M. Ali & Jain, Anil, 2014. "How public information affects asymmetrically informed lenders: evidence from credit registry reform," MPRA Paper 58917, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    9. Kutubi, Shawgat S. & Ahmed, Kamran & Khan, Hayat & Garg, Mukesh, 2021. "Multiple directorships and the extent of loan loss provisions: Evidence from banks in South Asia," Journal of Contemporary Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 17(3).
    10. Young-Chul Kim & Glenn C. Loury, 2021. "Birds of a Feather: Life Cycle Social Externalities, Heterogeneous Beliefs, and Development Bias," Working Papers 2104, Nam Duck-Woo Economic Research Institute, Sogang University (Former Research Institute for Market Economy).
    11. Richard J. Butler & Gene Lai & Craig Merrill, 2024. "Insurers’ and banks’ market connectedness: generalized event study estimates from random forest residuals regression," The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice, Palgrave Macmillan;The Geneva Association, vol. 49(4), pages 682-718, October.

    More about this item

    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • L14 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Transactional Relationships; Contracts and Reputation
    • O16 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Financial Markets; Saving and Capital Investment; Corporate Finance and Governance
    • D85 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - Network Formation
    • D02 - Microeconomics - - General - - - Institutions: Design, Formation, Operations, and Impact

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