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Gender Wage Gap in India: A Descriptive Study with Reference to Education Level and Rural–Urban Residence Using PLFS Data

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  • Pathak, Shivangi

Abstract

This study presents analysis of gender wage differentials in India using data from Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) 2022-23. It shows comparison between the male and female laborers in case of the location of work i.e., rural-urban, earnings across employment categories with references to education on contextual basis. The analysis relies on published PLFS tables and applies percentage gap calculations and simple graphical comparisons. The findings reveal that there is a persistent gender wage gap across all segments of labour markets. The women are mostly engaged in self-employment and informal sectors, mainly in rural areas, leading to low-average earnings. The study also highlights that education alone fails to eliminate wage inequality and the market calls for a structural labour market and policy implementation to reduce the gender wage gap prevailing so far.

Suggested Citation

  • Pathak, Shivangi, 2026. "Gender Wage Gap in India: A Descriptive Study with Reference to Education Level and Rural–Urban Residence Using PLFS Data," SocArXiv 9w4bk_v1, Center for Open Science.
    • Handle: RePEc:osf:socarx:9w4bk_v1
    DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/9w4bk_v1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Shiney Chakraborty, 2020. "Gender Wage Differential in Public and Private Sectors in India," The Indian Journal of Labour Economics, Springer;The Indian Society of Labour Economics (ISLE), vol. 63(3), pages 765-780, September.
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