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Financing Climate Change Mitigation: Towards a Framework for Measurement, Reporting and Verification

Author

Listed:
  • Jan Corfee-Morlot

    (OECD)

  • Bruno Guay

    (OECD)

  • Kate Larsen

    (International Energy Agency)

Abstract

The current monitoring, reporting and review framework under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) has a number of strengths and weaknesses. Weaknesses include inconsistent and/or incomplete self reporting of financial support; infrequent reporting; limited and incomplete information on multilateral development banks and other non-UNFCCC funds; lack of primary data on financial flows under KP mechanisms (CDM); and lack of verification procedures. This paper aims to facilitate a discussion about a possible framework to measure, report and verify (MRV) mitigation support. It considers the main pathways through which mitigation support to developing countries may flow as well as the availability and suitability of information in this area to provide a basis to measure, report and verify mitigation support. A strengthened framework for reporting could be developed and layered into the existing system, e.g. via National Communications. Data gaps and reporting frequency could be corrected through improvements in National Communication guidelines and the development of a common reporting format. The UNFCCC could also collaborate with other institutions to develop and draw on more standardised data from other sources and to assure that information across sources is comparable and publicly available. A key aspect would be to provide a monitoring system that covers not just public but also private finance in mitigation specific as well as mitigation relevant areas. The absence of verification procedures in the current UNFCCC monitoring and review system for mitigation support should also be addressed. The Convention does not lay out specific guidelines for the review of mitigation support reported in National Communications and reported information is not formally cross checked with alternative information sources. Parties could agree to the elaboration of guidelines for review and verification to help determine whether Parties have employed agreed methods for self assessment and reporting on technology transfer, capacity building and financing, and whether reporting is conducted in a transparent manner. In addition, standardised reporting by recipient countries about funds received, use and usefulness of funds could also be an important addition to provide information for verification with information on contributions to mitigation support. Le dispositif actuel de surveillance, de notification et d'examen mis en oeuvre en vertu de la Conventioncadre des Nations Unies sur les changements climatiques (CCNUCC) présente des atouts et des faiblesses. Parmi les faiblesses, citons les autodéclarations de soutien financier incohérentes et/ou incomplètes, les rapports peu fréquents, les informations limitées et incomplètes sur les banques multilatérales de développement et les autres fonds gérés en dehors de la CCNUCC, l’insuffisance des données primaires sur les flux financiers relevant des mécanismes du protocole de Kyoto (MDP) et l'absence de procédures de vérification. Ce document vise à faciliter le débat sur un éventuel cadre de mesure, de notification et de vérification (MNV) du soutien à l’atténuation. Il examine les principaux canaux par lesquels peut circuler ce soutien apporté aux pays en développement au titre de l'atténuation, ainsi que les informations dont on dispose dans ce domaine et leur validité, afin d'établir des bases pour mesurer, déclarer et vérifier le soutien à l’atténuation. Un cadre renforcé de notification pourrait être créé et s’imbriquer dans le dispositif existant, notamment en mettant à profit les communications nationales. Des améliorations des directives pour l'établissement des communications nationales et un cadre commun de notification permettraient de remédier aux lacunes dans les données et aux problèmes de fréquence des rapports. La CCNUCC pourrait par ailleurs collaborer avec d’autres institutions pour produire et exploiter des données plus normalisées en provenance d’autres sources ainsi que pour assurer la comparabilité des informations des différentes sources et le libre accès à ces données. À cet égard, il serait essentiel de prévoir un système de suivi des financements publics, mais aussi privés, qui relèvent strictement de l’atténuation ainsi que de domaines connexes. Il faudrait aussi remédier au fait que le dispositif actuel de suivi et d’examen du soutien à l’atténuation mis en oeuvre en vertu de la CCNUCC ne comporte pas de procédures de vérification. La Convention n'énonce pas de directives visant particulièrement l’examen du soutien déclaré au titre de l’atténuation dans les communications nationales, et les informations communiquées ne sont pas recoupées en bonne et due forme avec celles émanant d’autres sources. Les Parties pourraient convenir d’élaborer des directives pour l’examen et la vérification qui permettraient plus aisément de savoir si les Parties appliquent les méthodes convenues pour évaluer elles-mêmes et déclarer les transferts de technologie, le renforcement des capacités et les financements, et si les déclarations sont réalisées de façon transparente. De plus, la notification uniformisée des fonds reçus, de leur utilisation et de leur utilité, faite par les pays bénéficiaires, pourrait procurer des informations complémentaires importantes pour vérifier celles concernant les apports de soutien à l'atténuation.

Suggested Citation

  • Jan Corfee-Morlot & Bruno Guay & Kate Larsen, 2009. "Financing Climate Change Mitigation: Towards a Framework for Measurement, Reporting and Verification," OECD/IEA Climate Change Expert Group Papers 2009/6, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:envaab:2009/6-en
    DOI: 10.1787/5k453xh6h4r6-en
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Victor, David G., 2013. "Foreign Aid for Capacity-Building to Address Climate Change: Insights and Applications," WIDER Working Paper Series 084, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    2. Martin Stadelmann & Axel Michaelowa & J. Timmons Roberts, 2013. "Difficulties in accounting for private finance in international climate policy," Climate Policy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 13(6), pages 718-737, November.
    3. Yadira Mori-Clement & Stefan Nabernegg & Birgit Bednar-Friedl, 2018. "Can preferential trade agreements enhance renewable electricity generation in emerging economies? A model-based policy analysis for Brazil and the European Union," Graz Economics Papers 2018-19, University of Graz, Department of Economics.
    4. David Victor, 2013. "Foreign Aid for Capacity-Building to Address Climate Change: Insights and Applications," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2013-084, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    5. Christopher McDowell, 2013. "Climate-Change Adaptation and Mitigation: Implications for Land Acquisition and Population Relocation," Development Policy Review, Overseas Development Institute, vol. 31(6), pages 677-695, November.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    changement climatique; climate change; climate finance; financement climatique; gaz à effet de serre; greenhouse gas; measurement; mesure; mitigation support; MNV; MRV; notification; reporting; soutien à l'atténuation; verification; vérification;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F53 - International Economics - - International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy - - - International Agreements and Observance; International Organizations
    • G15 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - International Financial Markets
    • H87 - Public Economics - - Miscellaneous Issues - - - International Fiscal Issues; International Public Goods
    • Q54 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Climate; Natural Disasters and their Management; Global Warming
    • Q56 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environment and Development; Environment and Trade; Sustainability; Environmental Accounts and Accounting; Environmental Equity; Population Growth
    • Q58 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environmental Economics: Government Policy

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