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Could Mexico become the new ‘China'?: Policy drivers of competitiveness and productivity

Author

Listed:
  • Sean Dougherty

    (OECD)

  • Octavio Escobar

    (ESG Management School of Paris)

Abstract

Over the last decade, Mexico’s unit labour costs decreased relative to other emerging markets’, especially compared to China’s. This decrease boosted Mexico’s trade competitiveness, particularly in the manufacturing sector. However, Mexico’s increasing competitiveness masks one of the country’s fundamental concerns, which is the absence of productivity improvements. The aim of this paper is two-fold: first, we examine the evolution of total factor productivity in Mexico’s manufacturing sector, as compared to China’s. Firm-level data is employed to analyse the distribution and characteristics of productivity across Mexico’s regions. Second, using regional data for the period 2005–2012, we study the policy impediments behind sluggish productivity improvements, particularly to determine how labour informality may have contributed. The study takes advantage of Mexico’s heterogeneity across regions in terms of productivity, market regulation, financial constraints and firm size to identify economic policies that can help to boost productivity in the future. Le Mexique en phase de devenir la nouvelle Chine ? : Déterminants institutionnels de la compétitivité et de la productivité Au cours de la dernière décennie, les coûts unitaires du travail du Mexique ont diminué par rapport aux autres économies émergentes, en particulier par rapport à la Chine. Cette baisse a stimulé la compétitivité commerciale du Mexique, essentiellement dans le secteur manufacturier. Cependant, l’amélioration de la compétitivité semble masquer le principal problème mexicain, à savoir que cette dernière n’est pas accompagnée d’augmentation de la productivité. L’objectif de cet article est double: d'abord, nous examinons l'évolution de la productivité totale des facteurs dans le secteur manufacturier du Mexique, en comparaison avec la Chine. Les données utilisées sont recueillies au niveau des firmes, afin de pouvoir analyser la répartition et les caractéristiques de la productivité à travers les régions mexicaines. Deuxièmement, en utilisant les données régionales pour la période 2005–2012, nous étudions les obstacles politiques qui ont conduit à une stagnation de la productivité, en particulier pour déterminer dans quelle mesure l'informalité du travail pourrait y avoir contribué. Afin d’identifier les politiques économiques susceptibles de stimuler la productivité dans l'avenir, l'étude tire parti de l'hétérogénéité régionale en termes de productivité, du cadre réglementaire, des contraintes financières et de la taille des entreprises.

Suggested Citation

  • Sean Dougherty & Octavio Escobar, 2016. "Could Mexico become the new ‘China'?: Policy drivers of competitiveness and productivity," OECD Productivity Working Papers 4, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:ecoaac:4-en
    DOI: 10.1787/5jlvc7jvv1r2-en
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    Cited by:

    1. Sean M. Dougherty & Octavio R. Escobar, 2016. "Could Mexico become the new ‘China’? Policy drivers of competitiveness and productivity," European Journal of Comparative Economics, Cattaneo University (LIUC), vol. 13(2), pages 169-198, December.

    More about this item

    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • E26 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Informal Economy; Underground Economy
    • L25 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Firm Performance
    • O17 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements
    • O43 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - Institutions and Growth
    • O54 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Latin America; Caribbean

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