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Natural Disasters and Adaptive Capacity

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  • Jeff Dayton-Johnson

Abstract

Natural disasters (droughts, earthquakes, epidemics, floods, wind storms) damage wellbeing, both in their immediate and long-term aftermath, and because the insecurity of exposure to disasters is in itself harmful to risk-averse people. As such, mitigating and coping with the risk of natural disasters is a pressing issue for economic development. This paper provides a conceptual framework for understanding natural disasters. Disasters, which imply tragic human costs, are distinguished from hazards, which are events like earthquakes or flooding: hazards only translate into disasters when societies are vulnerable to them. Consequently international development policy can play a role in reducing the costs of disasters by addressing vulnerability. A review of two recent disasters — the Turkish earthquakes of 1999, and Hurricane Mitch in 1998 — illustrates the importance of precarious urbanisation and environmental degradation for increased vulnerability to natural hazards. These cases ... Les catastrophes naturelles (sécheresses, tremblements de terre, épidémies, inondations, ouragans) sont nuisibles au bien-être, tant par leurs retombées immédiates et de long terme que par la nuisance provoquée par l’insécurité qui leur est associée chez les individus adverses au risque. Ainsi, la gestion des effets des catastrophes naturelles, de même que celle du risque de leur déclanchement, sont des questions urgentes pour le développement économique. Ce document fournit un cadre conceptuel pour mieux comprendre les catastrophes naturelles. Celles-ci impliquent des coûts humains tragiques et se distinguent des situations à risque, qui sont des événements tels que les tremblements de terre ou les inondations : les situations à risqué ne deviennent des catastrophes que lorsque les sociétés leur sont vulnérables. Par conséquent, les politiques publiques internationales pour le développement peuvent contribuer à réduire leur coût en visant sur la vulnérabilité. Un examen de deux ...

Suggested Citation

  • Jeff Dayton-Johnson, 2004. "Natural Disasters and Adaptive Capacity," OECD Development Centre Working Papers 237, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:devaaa:237-en
    DOI: 10.1787/827805005406
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    Cited by:

    1. Thierry Mayer, 2006. "Policy Coherence for Development : A Background paper on Foreign Direct Investment," SciencePo Working papers Main hal-01065640, HAL.
    2. repec:hal:wpspec:info:hdl:2441/10184 is not listed on IDEAS
    3. Papa Seck, 2007. "Links between Natural Disasters, Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Risk Reduction: A Critical Perspective," Human Development Occasional Papers (1992-2007) HDOCPA-2007-15, Human Development Report Office (HDRO), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
    4. repec:spo:wpecon:info:hdl:2441/10184 is not listed on IDEAS
    5. repec:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/10184 is not listed on IDEAS
    6. Hartwig De Haen & Günter Hemrich, 2007. "The economics of natural disasters: implications and challenges for food security," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 37(s1), pages 31-45, December.
    7. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/10184 is not listed on IDEAS
    8. Rafael Novella & Claire Zanuso, 2018. "Reallocating children’s time: coping strategies after the 2010 Haiti earthquake," IZA Journal of Migration and Development, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 8(1), pages 1-32, December.
    9. de Haen, Hartwig & Hemrich, Gunter, 2006. "The Economics of Natural Disasters - Implications and Challenges for Food Security," 2006 Annual Meeting, August 12-18, 2006, Queensland, Australia 25320, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    10. Iuliana Armaş, 2012. "Multi-criteria vulnerability analysis to earthquake hazard of Bucharest, Romania," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 63(2), pages 1129-1156, September.

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