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The Economics and Politics of Transition to an Open Market Economy: India

Author

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  • Ashok V. Desai

Abstract

The paper analyses economic and political causes as well as outcomes of the sudden reversal of Indian economic policies in 1991–93, after four decades of autarky and interventionism. It argues that a changing political landscape and the emergence of new interest groups, coupled with a severe balance–of–payments crisis, left little choice to the governing party but to break with the legacy of a patrimonial state. More competition, at political and economic levels, forced the hand of politicians to remove direct quantitative controls on industrial production, imports and access to capital. These reforms remained, however, partial and did not fundamentally change the politico–economic equation. Systemic opposition to reform remained strong enough to capture or neutralise some of the gains of liberalisation. Thus, the reform movement faltered and eventually ceased ... Ce document analyse les causes économiques et sociales ainsi que les conséquences du retournement soudain des politiques économiques de l’Inde en 1991–93, après quatre décennies d’autarcie et d’interventionnisme. Le changement de l’environnement politique et l’émergence de nouveaux groupes d’intérêt, conjointement à une grave crise de la balance des paiements, n’ont laissé d’autre choix au parti au pouvoir que de rompre avec l’héritage d’un État patrimonial. Davantage de concurrence, aux niveaux tant politique qu’économique, a contraint les hommes politiques à supprimer les contrôles quantitatifs directs sur la production industrielle, les importations et l’accès au capital. Toutefois, ces réformes sont restées partielles et n’ont pas fondamentalement modifié l’équation politico– économique. L’opposition systématique à la réforme est restée suffisamment vivace pour accaparer ou neutraliser certains des gains de la libéralisation. C’est ainsi que le mouvement de réforme a chancelé ...

Suggested Citation

  • Ashok V. Desai, 1999. "The Economics and Politics of Transition to an Open Market Economy: India," OECD Development Centre Working Papers 155, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:devaaa:155-en
    DOI: 10.1787/487223334520
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    Cited by:

    1. Arvind Panagariya, 2004. "India in the 1980s and 1990s: A Triumph of Reforms:," International Trade 0403005, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Thierry Mayer, 2006. "Policy Coherence for Development : A Background paper on Foreign Direct Investment," SciencePo Working papers Main hal-01065640, HAL.
    3. repec:hal:wpspec:info:hdl:2441/10184 is not listed on IDEAS
    4. Albert Berry, 2018. "India’s 1970s-1990s Step-wise Growth Acceleration: Causes and Impacts," Journal of Development Innovations, KarmaQuest International, vol. 2(1), pages 14-38, May.
    5. Kambhampati, Uma S. & Kattuman, Paul A., 2009. "Growth responses to competitive shocks: Market structure dynamics under liberalisation," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 20(2), pages 114-125, June.
    6. repec:spo:wpecon:info:hdl:2441/10184 is not listed on IDEAS
    7. Kaliappa Kalirajan & Kanhaiya Singh, 2010. "Economic liberalisation strategies and poverty reduction across Indian states," Asian-Pacific Economic Literature, The Crawford School, The Australian National University, vol. 24(1), pages 26-42, May.
    8. repec:kqi:journl:2018-2-1-2 is not listed on IDEAS
    9. Arvind Panagariya, 2003. "India in the 1980s: Weak Reforms, Fragile Growth," International Trade 0309010, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    10. Manuel Gonzalo, 2023. "The Indian Growth Acceleration: A Brazilian Demand-led Insight," Millennial Asia, , vol. 14(4), pages 509-534, December.
    11. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/10184 is not listed on IDEAS
    12. Mr. Arvind Panagariya, 2004. "India in the 1980's and 1990's: A Triumph of Reforms," IMF Working Papers 2004/043, International Monetary Fund.

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