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Ethnic Violence and Birth Outcomes: Evidence from Exposure to the 1992 Conflict in Kenya

Author

Listed:
  • Fredah Guantai

    (University of Tsukuba, Japan)

  • Yoko Kijima

    (National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies, Tokyo, Japan)

Abstract

This study is an examination of the effect of intrauterine exposure to electoral violence on child birthweight; an outcome that has long-term effects on an individual’s education, income, and health in later life. By considering the electoral violence that resulted from the introduction of multi-party democracy in Kenya as an exogenous source of shock and by adopting difference-in-differences method and mother-fixed effect model, we found that prenatal exposure to the violence increased the probabilities of low birth weight and a child being of very small size at birth by 19 and 6 percentage points, respectively. We found that violence exposure in the first trimester of pregnancy decreased birth weight by 271 grams and increased the probabilities of low birthweight and very small size at birth by 18 and 4 percentage points, respectively. The results reaffirm the significance of the nine months in utero as one of the most critical periods in life that shapes future health, economic, and educational trajectories.

Suggested Citation

  • Fredah Guantai & Yoko Kijima, 2019. "Ethnic Violence and Birth Outcomes: Evidence from Exposure to the 1992 Conflict in Kenya," GRIPS Discussion Papers 19-19, National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies.
    • Handle: RePEc:ngi:dpaper:19-19
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    Cited by:

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    2. Liliana Andriano, 2023. "On the Health Impacts of Climatic Shocks: How Heatwaves Reduce Birthweight in Sub‐Saharan Africa," Population and Development Review, The Population Council, Inc., vol. 49(4), pages 737-769, December.
    3. Lin, Chung-Liang, 2021. "Postpartum medical utilization: The role of prenatal economic activity and living costs," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 41(C).
    4. Takahiro Tsujimoto & Yoko Kijima, 2020. "Effects of conflict on child health: Evidence from the 1990–1994 Northern Mali Conflict," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 29(11), pages 1456-1474, November.
    5. Magdalena Bendini & Lelys Dinarte, 2020. "Does Maternal Depression Undermine Childhood Cognitive Development? Evidence from the Young Lives Survey in Peru," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(19), pages 1-18, October.

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