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(Un)Conventional Monetary and Fiscal Policy

Author

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  • Jing Cynthia Wu
  • Yinxi Xie

Abstract

We build a tractable New Keynesian model to jointly study four types of monetary and fiscal policy. We find quantitative easing (QE), lump-sum fiscal transfers, and government spending have the same effects on the aggregate economy when fiscal policy is fully tax financed. Compared with these three policies, conventional monetary policy is more inflationary for the same amount of stimulus. QE and transfers have redistribution consequences, whereas government spending and conventional monetary policy do not. Ricardian equivalence breaks: tax-financed fiscal policy is more stimulative than debt-financed policy. Finally, we study optimal policy coordination and find that adjusting two types of policy instruments, the policy rate together with QE or fiscal transfers, can stabilize three targets simultaneously: inflation, the aggregate output gap, and cross-sectional consumption dispersion.

Suggested Citation

  • Jing Cynthia Wu & Yinxi Xie, 2022. "(Un)Conventional Monetary and Fiscal Policy," NBER Working Papers 30706, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    • Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:30706
    Note: AP EFG ME
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    Cited by:

    1. Cantore, Cristiano & Meichtry, Pascal, 2024. "Unwinding quantitative easing: State dependency and household heterogeneity," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 170(C).
    2. Bonciani, Dario & Oh, Joonseok, 2025. "Optimal monetary policy mix at the zero lower bound," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 170(C).

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • E5 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit
    • E62 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Fiscal Policy; Modern Monetary Theory
    • E63 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Comparative or Joint Analysis of Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Stabilization; Treasury Policy

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