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Abstract
Overqualification is a common form of underemployment in recent times, reaching in some countries one third of work force. Defined as an excess of possessed qualification (education, work experience or skills) by workers regarding the level of qualifications required by the current job, there is a relevant person-job mismatch. Research on overqualified had proliferated recently, allowing to provide insights regarding substantial issues. This paper summarizes recent research on overqualification, reflecting the state of the art around four main points: Different concepts (over-education, skills mismatch) and measures (objective vs. perceived) of overqualified; Relevant theoretical frameworks, the motives workers and employees have to engage in overqualified employment and the institutional and individual antecedents of overqualified; Relationships between overqualified and different work outcomes; and the dynamics of over-qualified along time, considering if it is a temporary phenomenon that is overpassed as workers gain job experience (step-stone) or if most over-qualified workers remain trapped in deprived jobs during long periods. Implications for labour market and educational institutions, as well as for career orientation agents, employers and individuals are considered. Recommendation for employers, policy-makers and employees, as well as future directions, are discussed. La sobrecualificación es una forma de subempleo frecuente en los últimos tiempos, que en algunos países afecta a un tercio de la población activa. Definida como un exceso de cualificación (educación, experiencia laboral o habilidades) por parte de los trabajadores en relación con el nivel requerido por su trabajo actual, supone un desajuste entre la persona y el puesto. La investigación reciente acerca de la sobrecualificación permite extraer conclusiones sobre la misma. Este documento resume las evidencias recientes, centrándose en cuatro puntos: los distintos conceptos (sobreeducación, desajuste de competencias) y formas de medir (objetivas vs. subjetivas) la sobrecualificación; los marcos teóricos pertinentes, los motivos que tienen los trabajadores y empleados en asumir empleo sobrecualificado y los antecedentes institucionales e individuales; las relaciones entre la sobrecualificación y los distintos trabajos; y la dinámica de la sobrecualificación a lo largo del tiempo, considerando si se trata de un fenómeno temporal que se supera a medida que los trabajadores ganan experiencia laboral o si la mayoría de los trabajadores sobrecualificados permanecen atrapados durante largos períodos en esta situación. Finalmente, se abordan las implicaciones para el mercado laboral y las instituciones educativas, así como para los agentes de orientación profesional, los empleadores y los individuos, y se discuten las recomendaciones para los empleadores, los responsables políticos y los empleados, así como las direcciones futuras de la investigación.
Suggested Citation
José Ramos López & Mariam Ramos & Montserrat Subirats Ferrer, 2022.
"The workers who know too much: Antecedents, consequences and dynamics of overqualification,"
Working Papers Ivie
2022-04, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Económicas, S.A. (Ivie).
Handle:
RePEc:ivi:wpivie:2022-04
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JEL classification:
- J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
- J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
- J28 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Safety; Job Satisfaction; Related Public Policy
- J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials
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