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Competitive Liberalization and Global Free Trade: A Vision for the Early 21st Century

Author

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  • C. Fred Bergsten

    (Peterson Institute for International Economics)

Abstract

A large part of the world has eliminated all barriers to trade or is in the process of doing so. The fifteen members of the European Union have created a "single internal market." Australia and New Zealand have completed their free trade area. Several large groupings are en route to a similar outcome: the North American Free Trade Agreement (Canada, Mexico, United States), Mercosur (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay), and the ASEAN Free Trade Agreement (Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and now Vietnam). There are numerous free trade areas among smaller countries.

Suggested Citation

  • C. Fred Bergsten, 1996. "Competitive Liberalization and Global Free Trade: A Vision for the Early 21st Century," Working Paper Series WP96-15, Peterson Institute for International Economics.
    • Handle: RePEc:iie:wpaper:wp96-15
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    Cited by:

    1. Soamiely Andriamananjara, 2003. "Competitive Liberalization or Competitive Diversion? The Relationship between Preferential Trade Agreements and the Multilateral Trading System," International Trade 0305002, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Farhat Mahmood & Juthathip Jongwanich, 2018. "Export-enhancing Effects of Free Trade Agreements in South Asia," Journal of South Asian Development, , vol. 13(1), pages 24-53, April.
    3. Jeffrey J. Schott, 2011. "The Future of the Multilateral Trading System in a Multi-polar World," Chapters, in: Ulrich Volz (ed.), Regional Integration, Economic Development and Global Governance, chapter 5, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    4. Barry Eichengreen & Douglas A. Irwin, 2008. "International Economic Policy: Was There a Bush Doctrine?," NBER Working Papers 13831, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    5. Baccini, Leonardo & Lenzi, Veronica & Thurner, Paul W., 2013. "Global energy governance: trade, infrastructure, and the diffusion of international organizations," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 62309, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    6. Gerda van Roozendaal, 2015. "The Diffusion of Labour Standards: The Case of the US and Guatemala," Politics and Governance, Cogitatio Press, vol. 3(2), pages 18-33.
    7. Simon J. Evenett & Michael Meier, 2008. "An Interim Assessment of the US Trade Policy of ‘Competitive Liberalization’," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(1), pages 31-66, January.
    8. Richard Baldwin, 2008. "Big-Think Regionalism: A Critical Survey," NBER Working Papers 14056, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    9. Scott L. BAIER & Jeffrey H. BERGSTRAND & Peter EGGER, 2009. "The Growth Of Regional Economic Integration Agreements And The Middle East," Region et Developpement, Region et Developpement, LEAD, Universite du Sud - Toulon Var, vol. 29, pages 11-30.
    10. Baccini, Leonardo, 2012. "Democratization and trade policy: an empirical analysis of developing countries," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 44924, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    11. Scott L. Baier & Jeffrey H. Bergstrand & Ronald Mariutto, 2014. "Economic Determinants of Free Trade Agreements Revisited: Distinguishing Sources of Interdependence," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 22(1), pages 31-58, February.
    12. Jean-Christophe Bureau & Houssein Guimbard & Sébastien Jean, 2016. "Competing Liberalizations: Tariffs and Trade in the 21st Century," Working Papers 2016-12, CEPII research center.
    13. Scott L. Baier & Jeffrey H. Bergstrand & Peter Egger & Patrick A. McLaughlin, 2008. "Do Economic Integration Agreements Actually Work? Issues in Understanding the Causes and Consequences of the Growth of Regionalism," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(4), pages 461-497, April.
    14. Antoni Estevadeordal & Kati Suominen, 2008. "Sequencing Regional Trade Integration and Cooperation Agreements," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(1), pages 112-140, January.
    15. Andrew Stoler, 2003. "Australia-USA Free Trade: Competitive Liberalisation at Work in 2003," Agenda - A Journal of Policy Analysis and Reform, Australian National University, College of Business and Economics, School of Economics, vol. 10(4), pages 291-306.
    16. Julián Tole Martínez, 2019. "Colombia entre los TLC y la OMC: ¿liberación o administración del comercio internacional?," Books, Universidad Externado de Colombia, Facultad de Derecho, number 1130, October.
    17. Marcel Vaillant & Flavia Rovira, 2018. "Why Do Countries Engage in the Preferential Trade Agreement Network?," Documentos de Trabajo (working papers) 0418, Department of Economics - dECON.
    18. Baldwin, Richard Edward & Rieder , Roland, 2007. "A Test of Endogenous Trade Bloc Formation Theory on EU Data," East Asian Economic Review, Korea Institute for International Economic Policy, vol. 11(2), pages 77-110, December.
    19. Bureau, Christophe & Guimbard, Houssein & Jean, Sebastien, 2016. "What Has Been Left to Multilateralism to Negotiate On?," Conference papers 332753, Purdue University, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Global Trade Analysis Project.
    20. Woolcock, Stephen, 2019. "The role of the European Union in the international trade and investment order," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 102821, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.

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