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Forecasting Value-at-Risk using deep neural network quantile regression

Author

Listed:
  • Chronopoulos, Ilias
  • Raftapostolos, Aristeidis
  • Kapetanios, George

Abstract

In this paper we use a deep quantile estimator, based on neural networks and their universal approximation property to examine a non-linear association between the conditional quantiles of a dependent variable and predictors. This methodology is versatile and allows both the use of different penalty functions, as well as high dimensional covariates. We present a Monte Carlo exercise where we examine the finite sample properties of the deep quantile estimator and show that it delivers good finite sample performance. We use the deep quantile estimator to forecast Value-at-Risk and find significant gains over linear quantile regression alternatives and other models, which are supported by various testing schemes. Further, we consider also an alternative architecture that allows the use of mixed frequency data in neural networks. This paper also contributes to the interpretability of neural networks output by making comparisons between the commonly used SHAP values and an alternative method based on partial derivatives.

Suggested Citation

  • Chronopoulos, Ilias & Raftapostolos, Aristeidis & Kapetanios, George, 2023. "Forecasting Value-at-Risk using deep neural network quantile regression," Essex Finance Centre Working Papers 34837, University of Essex, Essex Business School.
    • Handle: RePEc:esy:uefcwp:34837
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    File URL: https://repository.essex.ac.uk/34837/
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    Cited by:

    1. Hauzenberger, Niko & Huber, Florian & Klieber, Karin & Marcellino, Massimiliano, 2025. "Bayesian neural networks for macroeconomic analysis," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 249(PC).
    2. Naveed, Hafiz Muhammad & Pan, Yanchun & Yao, HongXing & Al-Faryan, Mamdouh Abdulaziz Saleh, 2024. "Assessing the nexus between currency exchange rate returns, currency risk hedging and international investments: Intelligent network-based analysis," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 206(C).
    3. León Beleña & Ernesto Curbelo & Luca Martino & Valero Laparra, 2024. "Second-Moment/Order Approximations by Kernel Smoothers with Application to Volatility Estimation," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-15, May.
    4. Philippe Goulet Coulombe & Mikael Frenette & Karin Klieber, 2023. "From Reactive to Proactive Volatility Modeling with Hemisphere Neural Networks," Working Papers 23-04, Chair in macroeconomics and forecasting, University of Quebec in Montreal's School of Management, revised Nov 2023.
    5. Christis Katsouris, 2023. "High Dimensional Time Series Regression Models: Applications to Statistical Learning Methods," Papers 2308.16192, arXiv.org.
    6. Wang, Shuai & Wang, Qian & Lu, Helen & Zhang, Dongxue & Xing, Qianyi & Wang, Jianzhou, 2025. "Learning about tail risk: Machine learning and combination with regularization in market risk management," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    7. Carboni, Giacomo & Fonseca, Luís & Fornari, Fabio & Urrutia, Leonardo, 2026. "Structural drivers of growth at risk: insights from a VAR-quantile regression approach," Working Paper Series 3171, European Central Bank.
    8. Qiu, Zhiguo & Lazar, Emese & Nakata, Keiichi, 2024. "VaR and ES forecasting via recurrent neural network-based stateful models," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).

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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • C45 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics - - - Neural Networks and Related Topics
    • C58 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Financial Econometrics
    • G17 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Financial Forecasting and Simulation

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