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A HANK2 model of monetary unions

Author

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  • Bayer, Christian
  • Kriwoluzky, Alexander
  • Müller, Gernot
  • Seyrich, Fabian

Abstract

How does a monetary union alter the impact of business cycle shocks at the household level? We develop a Heterogeneous Agent New Keynesian model of two countries (HANK²) and show in closed form that a monetary union shifts the adjustment to a shock horizontally - across countries - within the brackets of the union-wide wealth distribution rather than vertically - that is, across the brackets of the union-wide wealth distribution. Calibrating the model to the euro area reveals that a monetary union alters the impact of shocks most strongly in the tails of the wealth distribution but leaves the middle class almost unaffected.

Suggested Citation

  • Bayer, Christian & Kriwoluzky, Alexander & Müller, Gernot & Seyrich, Fabian, 2023. "A HANK2 model of monetary unions," CEPR Discussion Papers 18258, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    • Handle: RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:18258
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    2. Bellifemine, Marco & Couturier, Adrien & Jamilov, Rustam, 2025. "Monetary unions with heterogeneous fiscal space," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    3. Christian Bayer & Alexander Kriwoluzky & Gernot J. Müller & Fabian Seyrich, 2025. "Redistribution Within and Across Borders: The Fiscal Response to an Energy Shock," ECONtribute Discussion Papers Series 361, University of Bonn and University of Cologne, Germany.
    4. Boehnert, Lukas & de Ferra, Sergio & Mitman, Kurt & Romei, Federica, 2025. "Monetary Policy in Currency Unions with Unequal Countries," IZA Discussion Papers 17950, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    5. Altavilla, Carlo & Bussière, Matthieu & Galí, Jordi & Gorodnichenko, Yuriy & Gürkaynak, Refet S. & Rey, Hélène, 2024. "A research program on monetary policy for Europe," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 147(S).
    6. Bellifemine, Marco & Couturier, Adrien & Jamilov, Rustam, 2025. "Monetary unions with heterogeneous fiscal space," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 128186, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    7. Acharya, Sushant & Challe, Edouard, 2025. "Reprint of: Inequality and optimal monetary policy in the open economy," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    8. Acharya, Sushant & Challe, Edouard, 2025. "Inequality and optimal monetary policy in the open economy," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • F45 - International Economics - - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance - - - Macroeconomic Issues of Monetary Unions
    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • D31 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Personal Income and Wealth Distribution

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