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Desigualdad en el aprendizaje durante el COVID-19: evidencia para estudiantes de secundaria en Colombia

Author

Listed:
  • Lucas Marín Llanes
  • Mariana Rodríguez Pico
  • Darío Maldonado
  • Sandra García

Abstract

Una de las políticas implementadas para contener la propagación del COVID-19 fue el cierre de las instituciones educativas. En Colombia, a diferencia de otros países de la región y del mundo, el cierre de los colegios duró más de 21 meses. Este fue uno de los cierres más largos, a pesar de la evidencia sobre el bajo riesgo que genera la apertura para maestros y estudiantes. En contraste, se ha determinado que los cierres de colegios han afectado negativamente el proceso de aprendizaje de los estudiantes, especialmente aquellos en contextos más vulnerables. Es poco lo que se sabe sobre las implicaciones del cierre de colegios en la ampliación de brechas en aprendizaje preexistentes, particularmente en el contexto latinoamericano. El propósito de este trabajo es medir, a través de pruebas estandarizadas, el cambio en la desigualdad en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes de secundaria a partir de las características de los individuos, de sus hogares y de las características de las sedes educativas. Nuestros resultados econométricos sugieren que la desigualdad en todas las características estudiadas, excepto por el género de los estudiantes, aumentó entre 37 % y 234 %. Adicionalmente, encontramos que el acceso a computadores e internet mitigó el choque en aprendizaje generado por la pandemia. Por último, mostramos que, previo a la pandemia, la relación entre el acceso a estas herramientas y los puntajes era baja; así, el acceso a estas herramientas no debe ser el eje central de la política educativa para reducir la desigualdad ni para recuperar el aprendizaje en la pospandemia. Por último, a partir de nuestros resultados, planteamos recomendaciones de política de corto y largo plazo para recuperar el aprendizaje de los estudiantes. ***** One of the policies to contain the expansion of COVID-19 was the closure of schools. In Colombia, differently from other countries in the region and the world, schools’ closure lasted more than 21 months. The duration of the closure was one of the largest in the world, although the scientific evidence suggested a low risk for students and teachers during the reopening of schools. In contrast, schools’ closures had a severe negative impact in the learning process, especially to students in vulnerable contexts. Until the moment, there is scarce evidence of the implications of schools’ closures in the increase of learning inequality, particularly in the Latin-American context. The aim of this paper is to measure, employing standardized test scores, the change in learning inequality explained by secondary students’ individual characteristics, their households, and schools. Our econometric results suggest an increase between 37 % and 234 % depending on the studied dimension, except for the gender of the student where learning inequality decreased. Additionally, we found that households’ access to computers and internet mitigated the learning costs of the pandemic. Lastly, prior to the COVID-19, the association between the digital tools and the education results was low. Hence, these tools should not be the central aspect of the educational policy to reduce education gaps nor to retrieve the learning loss after the schools’ reopening. Based on our results we organized short and long-term policy recommendations to retrieve the learning loss.

Suggested Citation

  • Lucas Marín Llanes & Mariana Rodríguez Pico & Darío Maldonado & Sandra García, 2022. "Desigualdad en el aprendizaje durante el COVID-19: evidencia para estudiantes de secundaria en Colombia," Documentos de trabajo 20157, Escuela de Gobierno - Universidad de los Andes.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000547:020157
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    File URL: https://gobierno.uniandes.edu.co/sites/default/files/books/DT/DT-86.pdf
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    Cited by:

    1. Ham,Andres & Vazquez,Emmanuel Jose & Yanez Pagans,Monica, 2023. "The Effects of Differential Exposure to COVID-19 on Educational Outcomes in Guatemala," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10308, The World Bank.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    pruebas estandarizadas; educación; COVID-19; desigualdad; Colombia;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I24 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Education and Inequality
    • I25 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Education and Economic Development

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