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Institucionalização da precarização laboral no Brasil
[Institutionalizing job insecurity in Brazil]

Author

Listed:
  • Marcio Pochmann

    (Universidade Estadual de Campinas)

  • Luciana Caetano da Silva

    (Universidade Federal de Alagoas)

Abstract

PT Este artigo se propõe a analisar as nuances da precarização do trabalho no Brasil, com foco nas alterações de legislação trabalhista e reestruturação produtiva que se inicia nos anos 1990. A flexibilização dos vínculos trabalhistas vem crescendo, desde então, conforme registros da Relação Anual de Informações Sociais (RAIS, n.d.). A Reforma Trabalhista implantada através da lei 13.467/2017 aprofundou o nível de precarização do trabalho, quando regulamentou as contratações atípicas, classificando-as como empregos formais. Ao fazê-lo, criou um paradoxo, fazendo expandir as ocupações quase despidas de direitos trabalhistas enquanto declinava a taxa de informalidade. O novo padrão de empregos formais nada mais é que a institucionalização da informalidade. A estagnação econômica registrada no Brasil, na segunda década do século 21, associada à reestruturação produtiva, colaborou com a expansão dos mecanismos de exploração do trabalho. Para fins metodológicos, serão cruzados os dados sobre a trajetória da informalidade no Brasil com os dados acerca da expansão das ocupações não tradicionais, desde a reforma trabalhista de 2017. A pesquisa revela que, a despeito da elevação dos vínculos formais, há elevado grau de precarização com tendência de expansão dos vínculos atípicos, com menor ônus ao empregador, sob a égide da acumulação flexível. EN This article aims to analyze the nuances of job insecurity in Brazil, focusing on the changes in labor legislation and productive restructuring that began in the 1990s. The flexibilization of employment relationships has been on the rise ever since, according to the Annual Social Information Report (RAIS, n.d.). The Labor Reform implemented through law 13.467/2017 deepened the level of job insecurity when it regulated atypical contracts, classifying them as formal jobs. In doing so, it created a paradox, expanding occupations almost devoid of labor rights while the informality rate declined. The new pattern of formal jobs is nothing more than the institutionalization of informality. The economic stagnation recorded in Brazil in the second decade of the 21st century, combined with productive restructuring, contributed to the expansion of mechanisms for exploiting labor. For methodological purposes, data on the trajectory of informality in Brazil will be cross-referenced with data on the expansion of non-traditional occupations since the 2017 labor reform. The research reveals that, despite the increase in formal jobs, there is a high degree of precariousness with a tendency for atypical jobs to expand, with a lower burden on the employer, under the aegis of flexible accumulation.

Suggested Citation

  • Marcio Pochmann & Luciana Caetano da Silva, 2024. "Institucionalização da precarização laboral no Brasil [Institutionalizing job insecurity in Brazil]," Ensayos de Economía 022889, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000418:022889
    DOI: 10.15446/ede.v34n65.110876
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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • J78 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor Discrimination - - - Public Policy (including comparable worth)
    • J81 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor Standards - - - Working Conditions
    • J83 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor Standards - - - Workers' Rights
    • J88 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor Standards - - - Public Policy

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