IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/col/000089/002213.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Crecimiento De Las Exportaciones Y Sus Efectos Sobre El Empleo, La Desigualdad Y La Pobreza En Colombia

Author

Listed:
  • José Antonio Ocampo
  • Fabio Sánchez
  • Gustavo Adolfo Hernández
  • María Fernanda Prada

Abstract

Colombia experimentó un conjunto de transformaciones al comienzo de la década de los noventa con importantes implicaciones sobre el comportamiento de la economía y los indicadores sociales. Se inició el proceso de apertura comercial que estuvo acompanado de la liberalización de las importaciones y la implementación de nuevas estrategias de promoción a las exportaciones. Adicionalmente, se liberalizó la cuenta de capitales aunque manteniendo algunas restricciones sobre los flujos financieros de corto plazo para evitar la volatilidad asociada a los mismos. Las exportaciones, que fueron el motor de crecimiento durante los ochenta, dejaron de serlo desde inicios de los noventa. De hecho, con la entrada masiva de capitales y la consecuente apreciación de la tasa de cambio y el crecimiento de la demanda agregada, se generó una expansión de los no transables. A finales de los noventa se presentó un deterioro de la economía en general y de los indicadores sociales en particular. El propósito de este trabajo es analizar el impacto de la liberalización comercial y la promoción de las exportaciones sobre el empleo, la desigualdad y la pobreza. Para tal propósito se utilizaron las metodologías de descomposición de la balanza de pagos y el crecimiento económico planteado por Morley y Vos. Adicionalmente se obtuvieron resultados con un modelo de Equilibrio General Computable y con estos se realizaron microsimulaciones para conocer el impacto de distintas políticas y choques externos sobre la desigualdad, la pobreza, los ingresos laborales y el empleo.

Suggested Citation

  • José Antonio Ocampo & Fabio Sánchez & Gustavo Adolfo Hernández & María Fernanda Prada, 2004. "Crecimiento De Las Exportaciones Y Sus Efectos Sobre El Empleo, La Desigualdad Y La Pobreza En Colombia," Documentos CEDE 2213, Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Economía, CEDE.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000089:002213
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://repositorio.uniandes.edu.co/bitstream/handle/1992/8702/dcede2004-03.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Rocha Ricardo & Juan Ricardo Perilla & Ramiro López, 2004. "Una aproximación de la política comercial estratégica para el ingreso de Colombia al ALCA," Revista Desarrollo y Sociedad, Universidad de los Andes,Facultad de Economía, CEDE, February.
    2. Robbins, Donald & Gindling, T H, 1999. "Trade Liberalization and the Relative Wages for More-Skilled Workers in Costa Rica," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 3(2), pages 140-154, June.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Jairo Augusto NUNEZ-MENDEZ & N´estor Gonz´alez & Gustavo Hernández, 2007. "¿Es posible alcanzar los objetivos del Milenio en Colombia? Una evaluación de estrategias de focalización y financiamiento," Archivos de Economía 11218, Departamento Nacional de Planeación.
    2. Claudio R. Kart E., 2004. "How Can Tax Policies and Macroeconomic Shocks Affect the Poor? A Quantitative Assessment Using a Computable General Equilibrium Framework for Colombia," Revista ESPE - Ensayos sobre Política Económica, Banco de la Republica de Colombia, vol. 22(46-2), pages 450-519, December.
    3. Ramiro Rodríguez Revilla, 2011. "Modelos de equilibrio general dinámicos y estocásticos para Colombia 1995-2011," Revista Ecos de Economía, Universidad EAFIT, December.
    4. Eduardo Wiesner, 2008. "The Political Economy of Macroeconomic Policy Reform in Latin America," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 12913.
    5. Lina Cardona-Sosa & Fredy Gamboa-Estrada & Jesahel Higuera-Barajas, 2019. "Cheap employment: ¿Aumenta el empleo manufacturero con una depreciación real?," Borradores de Economia 1062, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    6. Moori Koenig, Virginia & Yoguel, Gabriel & Milesi, Darío & Robert, Verónica, 2007. "Developing competitive advantages: successful export SMEs in Argentina, Chile and Colombia," Revista CEPAL, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), August.
    7. Eduardo Wiesner, 2011. "Colombia: la percepción de justicia distributiva y la demanda política por estabilidad macroeconómica," Documentos CEDE 8739, Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Economía, CEDE.
    8. Hernandez, Gustavo Adolfo & Nunez, Jairo & Gonzalez, Nestor, 2007. "¿Es posible alcanzar los Objetivos del Milenio en Colombia? Una evaluación de estrategias de focalización y financiamiento," MPRA Paper 28432, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    9. Claudio R. Kart E., 2004. "How Can Tax Policies and Macroeconomic Shocks Affect the Poor? A Quantitative Assessment Using a Computable General Equilibrium Framework for Colombia," Revista ESPE - Ensayos Sobre Política Económica, Banco de la República, December.
    10. Ligia Melo & Carlos Ballesteros, 2014. "The impact of external factors on job creation and destruction in the Colombian manufacturing sector," Lecturas de Economía, Universidad de Antioquia, Departamento de Economía, issue 81, pages 155-186, Julio - D.
    11. Laura Atuesta & Geoffrey J.D. Hewings, 2013. "Economic Welfare Analysis Of The Legalization Of Drugs: A Cge Microsimulation Model For Colombia," Economic Systems Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 25(2), pages 190-211, March.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Francesco Quatraro & Marco Vivarelli, 2015. "Drivers of Entrepreneurship and Post-entry Performance of Newborn Firms in Developing Countries," The World Bank Research Observer, World Bank, vol. 30(2), pages 277-305.
    2. Vivarelli, Marco, 2012. "Innovation, Employment and Skills in Advanced and Developing Countries: A Survey of the Literature," IZA Discussion Papers 6291, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    3. Blom, Andreas & Holm-Nielsen, Lauritz & Verner, Dorte, 2001. "Education, earnings, and inequality in Brazil, 1982-98 - implications for education policy," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2686, The World Bank.
    4. Ayal Kimhi, 2004. "Growth, Inequality and Labor Markets in LDCs: A Survey," CESifo Working Paper Series 1281, CESifo.
    5. Claudia Tello & Raul Ramos & Manuel Artís, 2012. "Changes in wage structure in Mexico going beyond the mean: An analysis of differences in distribution, 1987-2008," Working Papers XREAP2012-07, Xarxa de Referència en Economia Aplicada (XREAP), revised May 2012.
    6. Marco Manacorda & Carolina Sanchez-Paramo & Norbert Schady, 2010. "Changes in Returns to Education in Latin America: The Role of Demand and Supply of Skills," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 63(2), pages 307-326, January.
    7. Green, Francis & Dickerson, Andy & Saba Arbache, Jorge, 2001. "A Picture of Wage Inequality and the Allocation of Labor Through a Period of Trade Liberalization: The Case of Brazil," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 29(11), pages 1923-1939, November.
    8. Jorge Saba Arbache, 2001. "Trade Liberalisation and Labor Markets in Developing Countries: Theory and Evidence," Studies in Economics 0112, School of Economics, University of Kent.
    9. Sylvain Chabe-Ferret & Julien Gourdon & Mohamed Ali Marouani & Tancrède Voituriez, 2007. "Trade-Induced Changes in Economic Inequality: Assessment Issues and Policy Implications for Developing Countries," Working Papers DT/2007/11, DIAL (Développement, Institutions et Mondialisation).
    10. Ugur, Mehmet & Mitra, Arup, 2017. "Technology Adoption and Employment in Less Developed Countries: A Mixed-Method Systematic Review," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 1-18.
    11. Bushra Yasmin, 2009. "Trade Liberalization and the Lead Role of Human Capital and Job Attributes in Wage Determination: The Case of Pakistan’s Labor Market," Lahore Journal of Economics, Department of Economics, The Lahore School of Economics, vol. 14(1), pages 1-37, Jan-Jun.
    12. Martin Rama, 2002. "Globalization and Workers in Developing Countries," Economics Study Area Working Papers 41, East-West Center, Economics Study Area.
    13. Getinet Haile & Ilina Srour & Marco Vivarelli, 2014. "Globalization and Technology Transfer in Ethiopia: Their Impact on Domestic Employment and Skills," DISCE - Quaderni del Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche e Sociali dises1498, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Dipartimenti e Istituti di Scienze Economiche (DISCE).
    14. Meschi, Elena & Vivarelli, Marco, 2007. "Globalization and Income Inequality," IZA Discussion Papers 2958, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    15. L. ALAN WINTERS & NEIL McCULLOCH & ANDREW McKAY, 2015. "Trade Liberalization and Poverty: The Evidence So Far," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Non-Tariff Barriers, Regionalism and Poverty Essays in Applied International Trade Analysis, chapter 14, pages 271-314, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    16. Jörg MAYER, 2000. "Globalization, Technology Tranfer And Skill Accumulation In Low-Income Countries," UNCTAD Discussion Papers 150, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.
    17. Amaidi, Aicha, 2013. "Mondialisation et inégalités des salaires : cas de la Tunisie [Globalization and wage inequality: the case of Tunisia]," MPRA Paper 47266, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    18. repec:ebl:ecbull:v:15:y:2007:i:22:p:1-14 is not listed on IDEAS
    19. Vivarelli, Marco, 2018. "Globalisation, structural change and innovation in emerging economies: The impact on employment and skills," MERIT Working Papers 2018-037, United Nations University - Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (MERIT).
    20. Mauricio Bittencourt & Donald Larson & David Kraybill, 2010. "Regional Short-Run Effects Of Trade Liberalization In Brazil," Economic Systems Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 22(1), pages 65-85.
    21. Getinet Haile & Ilina Srour & Marco Vivarelli, 2017. "Imported technology and manufacturing employment in Ethiopia," Eurasian Business Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 7(1), pages 1-23, April.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Crecimiento económico;

    JEL classification:

    • I3 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:col:000089:002213. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Universidad De Los Andes-Cede (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/ceandco.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.