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The Impact of Court Errors on Liability Sharing and Safety Regulation for Environmental/Industrial Accidents

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  • Marcel Boyer
  • Donatella Porrini

Abstract

We focus in this paper on the effects of court errors on the optimal sharing of liability between firms and financiers, as an environmental policy instrument. Using a structural model of the interactions between firms, financial institutions, governments and courts we show, through numerical simulations, the distortions in liability sharing between firms and financiers that the imperfect implementation of government policies implies. We consider in particular the role played by the efficiency of the courts in jointly avoiding Type I (finding an innocent firm guilty of inappropriate care) and Type II (finding a guilty firm not guilty of inappropriate care) errors. This role is considered in a context where liability sharing is already distorted (when compared with first best values) due not only to the courts' own imperfect assessment of safety care levels exerted by firms but also to the presence of moral hazard and adverse selection in financial contracting. There is also not congruence of objectives between firms and financiers on the one hand and social welfare maximization on the other. Our results indicate that an increase in the efficiency of court system in avoiding errors raises safety care level, thereby reducing the probability of accident, and allowing the social welfare maximizing government to impose a lower liability [higher] share for firms [financiers] as well as a lower standard level of care. Nous considérons dans le présent document les effets des erreurs judiciaires sur le partage optimal des responsabilités entre entreprises et financiers, comme un instrument de politique environnementale. En utilisant un modèle structurel des interactions entre les entreprises, les institutions financières, les gouvernements et les tribunaux, nous montrons, au moyen de simulations numériques, les distorsions dans le partage de responsabilités entre entreprises et financiers qu'implique la mise en uvre imparfaite des politiques gouvernementales. Nous considérons en particulier le rôle joué par l'efficacité des tribunaux à éviter les erreurs de type I (condamner une entreprise innocente de manquements à la sécurité) et de type II (ne pas condamner une entreprise coupable de manquements à la sécurité). Nous considérons un contexte où le partage des responsabilités est déjà altéré (par rapport à l'optimum de premier rang), en raison non seulement des difficultés des tribunaux à observer correctement les efforts de prévention des entreprises mais aussi de la présence d'aléa moral et sélection adverse dans les contrats de financement. Il n'y a pas absence de congruence entre les objectifs des entreprises et financiers d'une part et la maximisation du bien-être social d'autre part. Nos résultats indiquent qu'une plus grande efficacité du système judiciaire à éviter les erreurs entraine une hausse des activités de prévention d'accident et donc une baisse de la probabilité d'accident, et permet de réduire (d'augmenter) la part de responsabilité des entreprises (financiers) et de réduire le niveau requis de prévention.

Suggested Citation

  • Marcel Boyer & Donatella Porrini, 2010. "The Impact of Court Errors on Liability Sharing and Safety Regulation for Environmental/Industrial Accidents," CIRANO Working Papers 2010s-48, CIRANO.
  • Handle: RePEc:cir:cirwor:2010s-48
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    Cited by:

    1. Pierre Bentata, 2014. "Liability as a complement to environmental regulation: an empirical study of the French legal system," Environmental Economics and Policy Studies, Springer;Society for Environmental Economics and Policy Studies - SEEPS, vol. 16(3), pages 201-228, July.
    2. Andrzej Baniak & Peter Grajzl, 2016. "Controlling Product Risks when Consumers Are Heterogeneously Overconfident: Producer Liability versus Minimum-Quality-Standard Regulation," Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics (JITE), Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen, vol. 172(2), pages 274-304, June.
    3. Grepperud Sverre, 2020. "Individual or Enterprise Liability? The Roles of Sanctions and Liability Under Contractible and Non-contractible Safety Efforts," Review of Law & Economics, De Gruyter, vol. 16(3), pages 1-28, November.
    4. Marcel Boyer, 2021. "Beyond ESG: Reforming Capitalism and Social Democracy," Annals of Corporate Governance, now publishers, vol. 6(2-3), pages 90-226, November.
    5. John Stranlund & Jeffrey Wagner, 2023. "Tort reform and contingent incomplete liability," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 43(4), pages 1718-1729.
    6. Hu Mengze & Li Wei, 2015. "A Comparative Study on Environment Credit Risk Management of Commercial Banks in the Asia‐Pacific Region," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 24(3), pages 159-174, March.
    7. Andrzej Baniak & Peter Grajzl, 2014. "Controlling Product Risks when Consumers are Heterogeneously Overconfident: Producer Liability vs. Minimum Quality Standard Regulation," CESifo Working Paper Series 5003, CESifo.

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    JEL classification:

    • D82 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - Asymmetric and Private Information; Mechanism Design
    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill
    • K13 - Law and Economics - - Basic Areas of Law - - - Tort Law and Product Liability; Forensic Economics
    • K32 - Law and Economics - - Other Substantive Areas of Law - - - Energy, Environmental, Health, and Safety Law
    • Q28 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Renewable Resources and Conservation - - - Government Policy

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