Author
Listed:
- Benoit Dostie
- Genevieve Dufour
Abstract
This report uses data from Statistics Canada’s Survey of Employers on Workers’ Skills (SEWS) to provide an overview of the skills sought, available, and developed within Canadian businesses. It focuses in particular on basic mathematics skills, numeracy, critical thinking, and problem-solving, comparing Quebec with Ontario and the rest of Canada. The analyses show that basic mathematics skills are rarely perceived as a skills gap by businesses, both in Quebec and elsewhere in Canada. Quebec businesses, however, place relatively greater emphasis on technical, managerial, and computer skills, and less emphasis on critical thinking, problem-solving, and communication, both when recruiting and when developing employees’ skills. The results also show that Quebec businesses differ in how they manage skills. They assess their skills needs less frequently, make less use of informal skills-development practices such as mentoring and feedback, and report greater recruitment difficulties, regardless of the level of education required. Across all three regions, more than half of businesses attribute these difficulties to a lack of interested applicants, suggesting that job attractiveness is as much an issue as an actual shortage of skills. Finally, when faced with skills gaps, businesses tend to favour internal work reorganization rather than investing in human capital development. Ce rapport utilise les données de l’Enquête auprès des employeurs sur les compétences du personnel (EECP) de Statistique Canada pour brosser un portrait des compétences recherchées, disponibles et développées dans les entreprises canadiennes. Il porte une attention particulière aux compétences mathématiques de base, aux capacités de calcul, à la pensée critique et à la résolution de problèmes, en comparant le Québec à l’Ontario et au reste du Canada. Les analyses montrent que les compétences mathématiques de base sont rarement perçues comme une lacune par les entreprises, au Québec comme ailleurs au Canada. En revanche, les entreprises québécoises accordent relativement plus d’importance aux compétences techniques, de gestion et informatiques, et moins à la pensée critique, à la résolution de problèmes et à la communication, tant lors du recrutement que dans le développement des employés. Les résultats montrent également que les entreprises québécoises se distinguent en matière de gestion des compétences. Elles évaluent moins souvent leurs besoins, recourent moins aux pratiques informelles de développement des compétences (mentorat, rétroaction) et déclarent davantage de difficultés de recrutement, quel que soit le niveau de scolarité. Dans les trois régions, plus de la moitié des entreprises attribuent ces difficultés au manque de candidats intéressés, ce qui renvoie à un enjeu d’attractivité des emplois autant qu’à une véritable pénurie de compétences. Enfin, lorsqu’elles font face à des lacunes de compétences, les entreprises québécoises privilégient la réorganisation interne du travail plutôt que le développement du capital humain.
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JEL classification:
- J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
- J23 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Demand
- M53 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Personnel Economics - - - Training
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