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The Impact of Expanding Public Health Insurance on Safety Net Program Participation: Evidence From the ACA Medicaid Expansion

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  • Lucie Schmidt
  • Lara Shore-Sheppard
  • Tara Watson

Abstract

We examine spillover effects from the ACA Medicaid expansion to public programs providing cash and food assistance. We consider program participation in contiguous county pairs crossing state borders, where one state took up the Medicaid expansion and the other did not, allowing us to better control for local economic trends that could affect program participation. We find that the Medicaid expansion increased participation in food assistance and one of the cash programs, with impacts mainly due to participation conditional on eligibility, rather than from labor supply responses. Our results demonstrate the potential for spillovers across safety net programs.

Suggested Citation

  • Lucie Schmidt & Lara Shore-Sheppard & Tara Watson, 2026. "The Impact of Expanding Public Health Insurance on Safety Net Program Participation: Evidence From the ACA Medicaid Expansion," Working Papers 26-32, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
  • Handle: RePEc:cen:wpaper:26-32
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    File URL: https://www2.census.gov/library/working-papers/2026/adrm/ces/CES-WP-26-32.pdf
    File Function: First version, 2026
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