Author
Listed:
- Juliana Jaramillo-Echeverri
- Adriana Sofía Rodríguez
Abstract
Colombia registró en 2024 cerca de 450.000 nacimientos, lo que representa una caída del 12% frente a 2023. Este documento examina la evolución reciente de la fecundidad en el país entre 1998 y 2024, con énfasis en los determinantes socioeconómicos asociados a la maternidad. A partir de los microdatos de nacimientos de las Estadísticas Vitales del DANE y del Censo Nacional de Población y Vivienda de 2018, se analiza la dinámica de la maternidad según edad, nivel educativo, régimen de aseguramiento en salud, estado civil y región, complementada con información municipal sobre informalidad laboral y pobreza. Los resultados evidencian una reducción sostenida del número de nacimientos en todos los grupos estudiados. Sin embargo, cerca del 20% de los nacimientos continúan correspondiendo a niñas y adolescentes entre los 10 y 19 años, con marcadas diferencias regionales. La evidencia muestra una correlación positiva entre embarazo adolescente, informalidad laboral y necesidades básicas insatisfechas, así como una relación negativa con el nivel de desarrollo económico municipal. Las brechas regionales son persistentes. Mientras que los departamentos andinos presentan tasas de fecundidad más bajas, las regiones Caribe y Amazonas mantienen niveles elevados. Estos resultados destacan la necesidad de políticas públicas que aborden los determinantes estructurales del embarazo adolescente y mitiguen sus efectos sobre la desigualdad y el desarrollo de largo plazo. **** ABSTRACT: In 2024, Colombia recorded approximately 450,000 births, representing a 12% decline compared to 2023. This paper examines the recent evolution of fertility in the country between 1998 and 2024, with a focus on the socioeconomic determinants associated with motherhood. Using microdata from the universe of birth registers and the 2018 Census, the analysis explores the dynamics of motherhood by age, educational attainment, health insurance regime, marital status, and region, complemented by municipal-level information on labour informality and poverty. The results show a sustained decline in the number of births across all groups analysed. However, around 20% of births continue to occur among girls and adolescents aged 10 to 19, with marked regional disparities. The evidence indicates a positive correlation between adolescent pregnancy, labour informality, and unmet basic needs, as well as a negative relationship with the level of municipal economic development. Regional gaps remain significant: while departments in the Andean region display lower fertility rates, the Caribbean and Amazonian regions maintain high levels. These findings highlight the need for public policies aimed at addressing the structural determinants of adolescent pregnancy and mitigating its effects on inequality and long-term development.
Suggested Citation
Juliana Jaramillo-Echeverri & Adriana Sofía Rodríguez, 2025.
"La Fecundidad en Colombia: Evolución Reciente y Factores Socioeconómicos Asociados,"
Documentos de trabajo sobre Economía Regional y Urbana
338, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
Handle:
RePEc:bdr:region:338
DOI: 10.32468/dtseru.338
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JEL classification:
- J13 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth
- I24 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Education and Inequality
- R23 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Household Analysis - - - Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population
- J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
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