Author
Listed:
- Ana María Iregui-Bohórquez
- Ligia Alba Melo-Becerra
- María Teresa Ramírez-Giraldo
- Jorge Leonardo Rodríguez Arenas
Abstract
Este artículo analiza las brechas de género en la educación universitaria en Colombia, considerando tanto los patrones de cobertura como las diferencias en el desempeño académico al finalizar la carrera. Utilizando los resultados del examen Saber Pro para el período 2016–2024, el estudio documenta la evolución de la participación de hombres y mujeres en la educación superior y estima las brechas de género en competencias como lectura crítica y razonamiento cuantitativo. Para identificar los determinantes de estas brechas, se emplea un modelo de regresión lineal con el método Lasso de doble selección, que permite seleccionar de manera eficiente los controles relevantes en un contexto de alta dimensionalidad, e incorpora efectos fijos de programa–Institución de Educación Superior. Los resultados muestran que, aunque las mujeres superan a los hombres en acceso, permanencia y graduación universitaria, persisten brechas desfavorables para ellas en el desempeño en razonamiento cuantitativo, mientras que en lectura crítica las brechas tienden a cerrarse. Al controlar por características individuales, familiares e institucionales, las brechas se reducen sustancialmente y desaparecen en lectura crítica. Asimismo, no se encuentran diferencias significativas entre programas STEM y no STEM una vez se consideran los factores asociados. Los hallazgos sugieren que las desigualdades observadas responden más a factores estructurales y acumulados que al área de formación en sí misma.*****ABSTRACT: This article analyzes gender gaps in higher education in Colombia, considering both enrollment patterns and differences in academic performance at the end of undergraduate studies. Using the results of the Saber Pro examination for the 2016–2024 period, the study documents the evolution of male and female participation in higher education and estimates gender gaps in competencies such as critical reading and quantitative reasoning. To identify the determinants of these gaps, the analysis employs a linear regression model using the double-selection Lasso method, which allows for the efficient selection of relevant controls in a high‑dimensional setting and incorporates program–Higher Education Institution fixed effects. The results show that, although women outperform men in terms of access, persistence, and university graduation, unfavorable gaps persist for women in quantitative reasoning performance, while gaps in critical reading tend to close. Once individual, family, and institutional characteristics are controlled for, the gaps are substantially reduced and disappear in critical reading. Moreover, no significant differences are found between STEM and non‑STEM programs once associated factors are taken into account. Overall, the findings suggest that the observed inequalities are driven more by structural and accumulated factors than by field of study per se.
Suggested Citation
Ana María Iregui-Bohórquez & Ligia Alba Melo-Becerra & María Teresa Ramírez-Giraldo & Jorge Leonardo Rodríguez Arenas, 2026.
"Más allá del acceso: brechas de género en la educación universitaria en Colombia,"
Borradores de Economia
1364, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
Handle:
RePEc:bdr:borrec:1364
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JEL classification:
- C21 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models
- I23 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Higher Education; Research Institutions
- I24 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Education and Inequality
- J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
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