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Parental Leave Benefits and Gender Inequality: Evidence from a Benefits Cap for High-Earning Mothers

Author

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  • Sevrin Waights

Abstract

I use the universe of tax returns in Germany and a regression kink design to estimate the impacts of mothers' parental leave benefit amounts on couple earnings inequality. I make use of a benefits cap to estimate the causal impacts for high-earning women; a group for which earnings inequality is particularly large. A lower mothers' benefit amount results in a reduced gender gap in earnings that persists beyond the benefit period for at least nine years after the birth. The longer-term impacts are driven by couples where the mother earned more than her partner pre-birth. Simulations suggest that a 10% reduction in the benefit amount could reduce long-run child penalties in sample couples from 63 to 43%.

Suggested Citation

  • Sevrin Waights, 2025. "Parental Leave Benefits and Gender Inequality: Evidence from a Benefits Cap for High-Earning Mothers," Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers 0067, Berlin School of Economics.
    • Handle: RePEc:bdp:dpaper:0067
    DOI: 10.48462/opus4-5860
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Child penalties; gender inequality in earnings; high-earning women; social norms; parental leave policy; regression kink design;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D63 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
    • H31 - Public Economics - - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents - - - Household
    • J13 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth
    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
    • K31 - Law and Economics - - Other Substantive Areas of Law - - - Labor Law
    • M52 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Personnel Economics - - - Compensation and Compensation Methods and Their Effects
    • Z13 - Other Special Topics - - Cultural Economics - - - Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology; Language; Social and Economic Stratification

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