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Cuando la educación no cumple su promesa: Brechas persistentes en habilidades básicas de peruanos del milenio

Author

Listed:
  • Gustavo Yamada

    (Universidad del Pacífico)

  • Juan F. Castro

    (Universidad del Pacífico)

  • Santiago Medina

    (Universidad del Pacífico)

Abstract

Este documento busca estudiar, en conjunto, tres hechos estilizados acerca de la transición entre la educación y el empleo, para los jóvenes peruanos de 22 años. Utilizando datos longitudinales del estudio Niños del Milenio (Young Lives) y una batería de indicadores de habilidades cognitivas, tecnológicas y socioemocionales, indagamos acerca de: i) la existencia de un conjunto de habilidades remuneradas en el mercado laboral; ii) el poder predictivo de la educación formal en cuanto a la adquisición de estas habilidades; y iii) las limitaciones que las disparidades económicas al nacer imponen a los jóvenes que buscan adquirirlas. Al respecto, encontramos que: i) las habilidades tecnológicas y socioemocionales predicen mejores resultados laborales; ii) la asistencia al sistema educativo predice incrementos en la mayoría de habilidades valoradas por el mercado laboral; y iii) las diferencias en la riqueza de los hogares donde los jóvenes nacen generan brechas de habilidad tempranas y persistentes. Así, la educación formal resulta ser insuficiente para compensar estos déficits, antes del ingreso al mundo del trabajo. Integrados, estos tres hechos revelarían una seria limitación del sistema educativo y ofrecen una de las explicaciones posibles para la persistencia intergeneracional de desigualdades en el Perú.

Suggested Citation

  • Gustavo Yamada & Juan F. Castro & Santiago Medina, 2019. "Cuando la educación no cumple su promesa: Brechas persistentes en habilidades básicas de peruanos del milenio," Working Papers 157, Peruvian Economic Association.
    • Handle: RePEc:apc:wpaper:157
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    Cited by:

    1. Rentería, José María, 2023. "The collateral effects of private school expansion in a deregulated market: Peru, 1996–2019," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    habilidades; mercado laboral; educación; desigualdad;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I24 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Education and Inequality
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
    • O15 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Economic Development: Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration

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