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Costs And Risks Of Conforming To Eu Traceability Requirements: The Case Of Hard Red Spring Wheat

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  • Wilson, William W.
  • Henry, Xavier
  • Dahl, Bruce L.

Abstract

Stochastic simulation was used to determine the marginal cost and optimal testing strategy (location and intensity) for an integrator conforming to proposed European Union traceability requirements for imported hard red spring wheat. Cost, risks and premiums were determined for exports of non-genetically modified (non-GM) wheat from the U.S. to the EU. Cost components include certified seed, certification and auditing, testing, traceability, quality loss, and a risk premium for the added risk of a dual traceability system over a single non-traceability system. The optimal strategy is the one that maximizes the integrator's utility (minimizes disutility of integrator's additional costs). Adventitious commingling is defined stochastically. Results indicate that traceability requirements can be met with specified buyer and seller risk at a total cost of approximately 50 c/non-GM bushel. The risk premium for traceability along the vertically-integrated supply chain (farmer, integrator, and importer) is 21 c/non-GM bushel.

Suggested Citation

  • Wilson, William W. & Henry, Xavier & Dahl, Bruce L., 2005. "Costs And Risks Of Conforming To Eu Traceability Requirements: The Case Of Hard Red Spring Wheat," Agribusiness & Applied Economics Report 23484, North Dakota State University, Department of Agribusiness and Applied Economics.
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:nddaae:23484
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.23484
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    2. Brofman Epelbaum, Freddy Moises & Garcia Martinez, Marian, 2014. "The technological evolution of food traceability systems and their impact on firm sustainable performance: A RBV approach," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 215-224.
    3. Stranieri, S. & Cavaliere, A. & Banterle, A., 2015. "Voluntary traceability standards: which is the role of economic incentives?," 2015 International European Forum (144th EAAE Seminar), February 9-13, 2015, Innsbruck-Igls, Austria 206213, International European Forum on System Dynamics and Innovation in Food Networks.
    4. Latino, Maria Elena & Menegoli, Marta & Lazoi, Mariangela & Corallo, Angelo, 2022. "Voluntary traceability in food supply chain: a framework leading its implementation in Agriculture 4.0," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 178(C).
    5. Fritz, Melanie & Schiefer, Gerhard, 2009. "Tracking, tracing, and business process interests in food commodities: A multi-level decision complexity," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 117(2), pages 317-329, February.
    6. Mao-Chang Wang & Chin-Ying Yang, 2019. "Analysing the traceability system in herbal product industry by game theory," Agricultural Economics, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 65(2), pages 74-81.

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