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Making GHG Emissions Trading Work - Crucial Issues in Designing National and International Emissions Trading Systems

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  • Butzengeiger, Sonja
  • Betz, Regina
  • Bode, Sven

Abstract

Art. 17 of the Kyoto Protocol defines International Emissions Trading exclusively on country level, sub-national entities like industrial installations or households are not included initially. However, there are some arguments for such an expansion, of which the most important ones are a significant increase of the overall efficiency of the trading system as well as an increase of market liquidity. In the first part of this paper, the options for an inclusion of sub-national entities are analysed, concluding that AAUs should not be allocated to participants directly. Instead, there are several options how those entities can be included in International Emissions Trading as defined in the Kyoto-Protocol in an indirect way. The second part of the paper elaborates on the design options of national trading systems. All governments planning to introduce a domestic emissions trading scheme covering entities need to consider several design parameters, e.g. the characteristics of emission targets, participants of the trading scheme, participation mode, covered gases, non-compliance provisions, etc. We analyse and evaluate the options for each of those aspects, having in mind that the design of a trading system must assure its environmental integrity and keep transaction costs low at the same time. Der "Internationale Emissionshandel (IET)" wird nach Artikel 17 des Kyoto-Protokolls zunächst ausschließlich auf Staatenebene definiert. Es sprechen jedoch einige Gründe dafür, den Emissionshandel auch auf nicht staatliche Einheiten, wie z.B. industrielle und/oder private Emittenten auszudehnen. Die wesentlichen Vorteile sind die zu erwartende deutliche Erhöhung der Effizienz des Handelssystems sowie der Marktliquidität. Wir analysieren die verschiedenen Möglichkeiten einer derartigen Ausweitung des Emissionshandels. Eine direkte Einbeziehung subnationaler Einheiten durch die Zuteilung von Emissionsrechten nach dem Kyoto-Protokoll (AAUs) in den IET erscheint nicht empfehlenswert. Statt dessen bestehen verschiedene Möglichkeiten der indirekten Einbeziehung, bei der nationale "Währungen" für Emissionsrechte ausgegeben werden. Zudem werden die verschiedenen Ausgestaltungsparameter analysiert, die bei der Einrichtung eines (inter-)nationalen Emissionshandelssystems berücksichtigt werden müssen. Dies sind u.a. die Definition von Teilnehmerkreis, Teilnahmemodus, Art der Emissionsziele, Einbeziehung von Gasen, Einbeziehung der projektbasierten Mechanismen sowie Strafregelungen. Die einzelnen Ausgestaltungsoptionen werden evaluiert, insbesondere hinsichtlich der grundlegenden Ziele des Emissionshandels: Sicherung der ökologischen Integrität bei Minimierung der entstehenden Kosten.

Suggested Citation

  • Butzengeiger, Sonja & Betz, Regina & Bode, Sven, 2001. "Making GHG Emissions Trading Work - Crucial Issues in Designing National and International Emissions Trading Systems," Discussion Paper Series 26153, Hamburg Institute of International Economics.
  • Handle: RePEc:ags:hwwadp:26153
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.26153
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    Cited by:

    1. Morrell, Peter, 2007. "An evaluation of possible EU air transport emissions trading scheme allocation methods," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(11), pages 5562-5570, November.
    2. Natacha Raffin & Katheline Schubert, 2007. "International Emissions Trading Scheme and European Emissions Trading Scheme: What Linkages?," Post-Print halshs-00288394, HAL.
    3. Frank Figge & Tobias Hahn, 2004. "Sustainable Value Added: ein neues Maß des Nachhaltigkeitsbeitrags von Unternehmen am Beispiel der Henkel KGaA," Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung / Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 73(1), pages 126-141.
    4. Herrmann Marco, 2003. "Der geplante Handel mit Treibhausgas-Emissionsberechtigungen in der Europäischen Union," Journal of Economics and Statistics (Jahrbuecher fuer Nationaloekonomie und Statistik), De Gruyter, vol. 223(3), pages 365-373, June.
    5. Edwin Woerdman & Jan Willem Bolderdijk, 2017. "Emissions trading for households? A behavioral law and economics perspective," European Journal of Law and Economics, Springer, vol. 44(3), pages 553-578, December.
    6. Svetlana Maslyuk & Dinusha Dharmaratna, 2011. "Comparative analysis of the existing and proposed ETS," Monash Economics Working Papers 15-11, Monash University, Department of Economics.
    7. Gagelmann, Frank & Hansjürgens, Bernd, 2002. "Climate protection through tradable permits: The EU proposal for a CO2 emissions trading system in Europe," UFZ Discussion Papers 1/2002, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Division of Social Sciences (ÖKUS).

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    Keywords

    Environmental Economics and Policy;

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