A Comprehensive Review: Root-Knot Nematode; Biology And Management

Root-knot nematode (M. incognita) belonging to the family Heteroderidae are microscopic worm pose significant threat to global agriculture. Because of their parasitic nature and ability to infest a wide variety of plant species, they pose a threatening challenge to farmers. It emphasizes the significance of understanding root-knot nematodes and the need for effective management strategies. The morphological characteristics of various life stages, from eggs to adults, are described, laying the basics for a thorough investigation into their biology. Understanding the root-knot nematode life cycle is critical for developing effective control measures. The interaction of root-knot nematodes with their hosts is a complex process involving molecular and physiological mechanisms. Root-knot nematodes cause a variety of symptoms in infected plants, including root galling, stunted growth, and decreased yield. The pathogenic effects of nematode infestation on various crops, revealing the mechanisms underlying these symptoms and their impact on plant health. The most dangerous plant parasitic nematodes are thought to be Meloidogyne sp. They cause crop losses in vegetable crops all over the world and play a significant role in the widespread use of chemical pesticides. It is widespread in Asia, Southeast Asia and usually occurs in warmer areas. Various management strategies are required to reduce the impact of root-knot nematodes. Cultural practices, biological control methods, chemical interventions, and the development and deployment of resistant plant varieties are all covered in this section. It evaluates the efficacy and long-term viability of each approach, providing insights into integrated pest management strategies. With this review we conclude that there is need for further studies for isolation, distribution and management strategies of root-knot nematode.