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The role of budgets and variances in repeated investment decisions

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  • RAMJI BALAKRISHNAN

Abstract

. This paper considers investment in a two†period principal†agent model. In each period the agent has pertinent pre†and postdecision information about the returns from the project. Messages from the agent are interpreted as a budget and a self†reported variance. The paper examines when the sequential resolution of the uncertainty in profits would, by itself, result in a long†term contract. This focus is maintained by eliminating any role for learning or consumption smoothing in the contracting arrangement. Because they allow for commitment to future investment strategies contingent on current†period reports, relative to short†term contracts, long†term contracts exhibit efficiency gains. There is an endogenous demand for both budget and variance reports. By considering an N†period model, gains from long†term contracting are shown to be positively related to the principal's flexibility in committing to future investment strategies that are contingent on the agent's prior period report(s). Sequential resolution of the agent's uncertainty, either within or across periods, strictly enhances the demand for long†term contracting. The results suggest that expenditures involved in obtaining periodic budget and variance reports from the manager and in keeping a history of the communications may be cost justified by ex ante expected gains in efficiency. Résumé. L'auteur envisage l'investissement dans l'optique d'un modèle mandant†mandataire comportant deux périodes. Avant et au terme de chaque période, le mandataire dispose d'informations pertinentes relatives au rendement du projet. Les messages du mandataire sont interprétés comme étant un budget et un relevé des écarts. L'auteur examine à quel moment la transformation séquentielle de l'incertitude en gains donnerait lieu, en soi, à un contrat à long terme. Cet axe de recherche est maintenu grâce à l'élimination de tout effet d'apprentissage ou de nivellement de la consommation dans les dispositions contractuelles. Étant donné que les contrats à long terme permettent de s'engager dans des stratégies éventuelles d'investissement en fonction des résultats de la période en cours, ils offrent des gains sur le plan de l'efficience. Il existe une demande endogène de rapports budgétaires aussi bien que de relevés des écarts. Lorsqu'on utilise un modèle de N périodes, les gains qu'offrent les contrats à long terme affichent une relation positive avec la souplesse du mandant dans son engagement à l'égard de stratégies éventuelles d'investissement en fonction des rapports produits par le mandataire pour la ou les périodes précédentes. La transformation séquentielle de l'incertitude du mandataire, que ce soit à l'intérieur d'une même période ou au cours d'une période subséquente, favorise au sens strict la demande de contrats à long terme. Selon les résultats de l'étude, les dépenses que supposent l'obtention périodique de budget et de relevés des écarts par le gestionnaire et le maintien d'un dossier des communications seraient justifées par les perspectives ex ante de gains au chapitre de l'efficience.

Suggested Citation

  • Ramji Balakrishnan, 1990. "The role of budgets and variances in repeated investment decisions," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 7(1), pages 105-122, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:coacre:v:7:y:1990:i:1:p:105-122
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1911-3846.1990.tb00803.x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Christian Daumoser & Bernhard Hirsch & Matthias Sohn, 2018. "Honesty in budgeting: a review of morality and control aspects in the budgetary slack literature," Journal of Management Control: Zeitschrift für Planung und Unternehmenssteuerung, Springer, vol. 29(2), pages 115-159, August.

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