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Who Herds? Who Doesn't? Estimates of Analysts’ Herding Propensity in Forecasting Earnings

Author

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  • Rong Huang
  • Murugappa (Murgie) Krishnan
  • John Shon
  • Ping Zhou

Abstract

We develop parametric estimates of the imitation†driven herding propensity of analysts and their earnings forecasts. By invoking rational expectations, we solve an explicit analyst optimization problem and estimate herding propensity using two measures: First, we estimate analysts’ posterior beliefs using actual earnings plus a realization drawn from a mean†zero normal distribution. Second, we estimate herding propensity without seeding a random error, and allow for nonorthogonal information signals. In doing so, we avoid using the analyst's prior forecast as the proxy for his posterior beliefs, which is a traditional criticism in the literature. We find that more than 60 percent of analysts herd toward the prevailing consensus, and herding propensity is associated with various economic factors. We also validate our herding propensity measure by confirming its predictive power in explaining the cross†sectional variation in analysts’ out†of†sample herding behavior and forecast accuracy. Finally, we find that forecasts adjusted for analysts’ herding propensity are less biased than the raw forecasts. This adjustment formula can help researchers and investors obtain better proxies for analysts’ unbiased earnings forecasts.Les auteurs élaborent des estimations paramétriques de la propension au ralliement (grégarisme) induite par l'imitation que manifestent les analystes et leurs prévisions de résultats. En recourant aux attentes rationnelles, ils résolvent un problème explicite d'optimisation avec lequel doit composer l'analyste et estiment la propension au ralliement à l'aide de deux mesures : en premier lieu, ils estiment les opinions a posteriori des analystes en utilisant les résultats réels ainsi qu'une réalisation tirée d'une distribution normale à moyenne zéro; en second lieu, ils estiment la propension au ralliement sans introduire d'erreur aléatoire, en permettant les signaux d'information non orthogonaux. Ce faisant, ils évitent le recours généralement critiqué à la prévision précédente de l'analyste à titre de variable de substitution à ses opinions a posteriori. Les auteurs constatent que plus de 60 pour cent des analystes se rallient au consensus existant, et que la propension au ralliement est associée à divers facteurs économiques. Ils valident également leur mesure de la propension au ralliement en confirmant son pouvoir prédictif dans l'explication de la variation transversale du comportement de ralliement hors échantillon des analystes et de l'exactitude de leurs prévisions. Enfin, les auteurs constatent que les prévisions ajustées pour tenir compte de la propension des analystes au ralliement sont moins biaisées que les prévisions brutes. Cette forme d'ajustement est susceptible d'aider les chercheurs et les investisseurs à obtenir de meilleures variables de substitution aux prévisions de résultats non biaisées des analystes.

Suggested Citation

  • Rong Huang & Murugappa (Murgie) Krishnan & John Shon & Ping Zhou, 2017. "Who Herds? Who Doesn't? Estimates of Analysts’ Herding Propensity in Forecasting Earnings," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 34(1), pages 374-399, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:coacre:v:34:y:2017:i:1:p:374-399
    DOI: 10.1111/1911-3846.12236
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    Cited by:

    1. Benchimol, Jonathan & El-Shagi, Makram & Saadon, Yossi, 2022. "Do expert experience and characteristics affect inflation forecasts?," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 201(C), pages 205-226.
    2. Young‐Soo Choi & Svetlana Mira & Nicholas Taylor, 2022. "Local versus foreign analysts' forecast accuracy: does herding matter?," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 62(S1), pages 1143-1188, April.

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