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The geography of starts-ups in Sweden. The role of human capital, social capital and agglomeration

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  • Rikard Eriksson
  • Marcin Rataj

Abstract

In academia as well as in policy circles, entrepreneurial activities are placed at the focal point for regional development. However, geographical factors such as urbanization and peripherality are often neglected in this strand of research despite the increasing need for place-specific policies. The aim of this paper is therefore to analyse how start-up rates vary across municipalities in Sweden 2002–2012 by focussing on spatial differences of human capital, social capital, entrepreneurial culture and industrial specialization. Our multilevel models show how the degree of rurality and peripherality, respectively, moderates the role of different regional resources. The paper concludes by suggesting the formulation of separate policies considering urban, rural and more peripheral regions.

Suggested Citation

  • Rikard Eriksson & Marcin Rataj, 2019. "The geography of starts-ups in Sweden. The role of human capital, social capital and agglomeration," Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 31(9-10), pages 735-754, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:entreg:v:31:y:2019:i:9-10:p:735-754
    DOI: 10.1080/08985626.2019.1565420
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    Cited by:

    1. Beynon, Malcolm & Pickernell, David & Battisti, Martina & Jones, Paul, 2024. "A panel fsQCA investigation on European regional innovation," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 199(C).
    2. Yolanda Fuertes‐Callén & Beatriz Cuéllar‐Fernández & Adriana Serrano‐Magdalena, 2025. "Rural Entrepreneurship in the Face of Geodemographic Challenges," Growth and Change, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 56(1), March.
    3. Colin Donaldson, 2021. "Culture in the entrepreneurial ecosystem: a conceptual framing," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 17(1), pages 289-319, March.
    4. Hafiz Syed Mohsin Abbas & Sadia Abbas & Samreen Gillani & Xiaodong Xu, 2025. "Role of Digital-Government, Regional Integration, and Government Expenditures on Public Health Services in Selected Asian Economies," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 178(3), pages 1201-1225, July.
    5. Filippo Marchesani & Francesca Masciarelli, 2022. "Crowdfunding as Entrepreneurial Investment: The Role of Local Knowledge Spillover," Papers 2211.16984, arXiv.org.
    6. Grete Hagebakken & Christian Reimers & Elsa Solstad, 2021. "Entrepreneurship Education as a Strategy to Build Regional Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-17, February.
    7. Ghazal Zalkat & Henrik Barth & Lubna Rashid, 2024. "Refugee entrepreneurship motivations in Sweden and Germany: a comparative case study," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 63(1), pages 477-499, June.
    8. Raphael Bar-El & Liran Maymoni, 2025. "Startups in a Remote Region: Policy Implications from the Israeli Experience," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-15, September.
    9. Frank Crowley & Declan Jordan, 2022. "Do local start-ups and knowledge spillovers matter for firm-level R&D investment?," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 59(5), pages 1085-1102, April.
    10. Liang Xu & Zhigao Liu, 2022. "The Evolution of the Spatial Patterns of Startup Firms in the Tibet Autonomous Region, China in the 21st Century," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-18, August.
    11. Hafiz Syed Mohsin Abbas & Zahid Hussain Qaisar & Ghulam Ali & Fahad Alturise & Tamim Alkhalifah, 2022. "Impact of cybersecurity measures on improving institutional governance and digitalization for sustainable healthcare," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 17(11), pages 1-13, November.
    12. Arora, Punit & Nagaraj, Priya & Bengoa, Marta & Mukherjee, Debmalya, 2025. "Immigrant entrepreneurship in the United States: Intersectionality as a blessing and a curse," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 40(4).
    13. Keisuke Kokubun, 2020. "Social capital may mediate the relationship between social distance and COVID-19 prevalence," Papers 2007.09939, arXiv.org, revised Jul 2020.
    14. Adalberto Escorcia & Jose Ramos-Ruiz & Rohemi Zuluaga-Ortiz & Enrique Delahoz-Domínguez, 2022. "Determining factors for the creation of innovation-based ventures," Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 11(1), pages 1-28, December.

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