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Experimental Evidence of Leaks in Elastic Pipes

Author

Listed:
  • Mauro Marchis

    (University of Enna “Kore”, Cittadella Universitaria)

  • Chiara M. Fontanazza

    (University of Enna “Kore”, Cittadella Universitaria)

  • Gabriele Freni

    (University of Enna “Kore”, Cittadella Universitaria)

  • Vincenza Notaro

    (University of Palermo)

  • Valeria Puleo

    (University of Palermo)

Abstract

Several studies have been carried out in recent decades to establish a relationship between total head and leaks. In literature, the leakage governing equations have been analysed in light of pipe materials, water head, leak dimension or shape. Most of these contributions questioned the classical Torricelli equation, demonstrating through experimental evidence that the classical orifice law can give unsatisfactory results. Nevertheless, starting from the Torricelli equation, other exponential or linear governing equations have been proposed as mathematical models able to reproduce the leakages in water distribution systems (WDSs). To investigate the validity of the proposed governing equations, an experimental campaign was carried out by means of a water distribution network composed of approximately 500 m of polyethylene pipes. The experiments were designed to investigate the effects of leak area and pipe rigidity on discharge. Furthermore, the effect of leak size enlargement with water head was analysed. Finally, the proposed research contributes to the population of a database for estimating the coefficients of head-discharge relationships.

Suggested Citation

  • Mauro Marchis & Chiara M. Fontanazza & Gabriele Freni & Vincenza Notaro & Valeria Puleo, 2016. "Experimental Evidence of Leaks in Elastic Pipes," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 30(6), pages 2005-2019, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:waterr:v:30:y:2016:i:6:d:10.1007_s11269-016-1265-2
    DOI: 10.1007/s11269-016-1265-2
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. I. Karadirek & S. Kara & G. Yilmaz & A. Muhammetoglu & H. Muhammetoglu, 2012. "Implementation of Hydraulic Modelling for Water-Loss Reduction Through Pressure Management," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 26(9), pages 2555-2568, July.
    2. Marco Ferrante & Silvia Meniconi & Bruno Brunone, 2014. "Local and Global Leak Laws," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 28(11), pages 3761-3782, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Mauro Marchis & Barbara Milici, 2019. "Leakage Estimation in Water Distribution Network: Effect of the Shape and Size Cracks," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 33(3), pages 1167-1183, February.
    2. Mauro De Marchis & Barbara Milici & Roberto Volpe & Antonio Messineo, 2016. "Energy Saving in Water Distribution Network through Pump as Turbine Generators: Economic and Environmental Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-15, October.

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