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On learning and branching: a survey

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  • Andrea Lodi

    (École Polytechnique de Montréal)

  • Giulia Zarpellon

    (École Polytechnique de Montréal)

Abstract

This paper surveys learning techniques to deal with the two most crucial decisions in the branch-and-bound algorithm for Mixed-Integer Linear Programming, namely variable and node selections. Because of the lack of deep mathematical understanding on those decisions, the classical and vast literature in the field is inherently based on computational studies and heuristic, often problem-specific, strategies. We will both interpret some of those early contributions in the light of modern (machine) learning techniques, and give the details of the recent algorithms that instead explicitly incorporate machine learning paradigms.

Suggested Citation

  • Andrea Lodi & Giulia Zarpellon, 2017. "On learning and branching: a survey," TOP: An Official Journal of the Spanish Society of Statistics and Operations Research, Springer;Sociedad de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, vol. 25(2), pages 207-236, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:topjnl:v:25:y:2017:i:2:d:10.1007_s11750-017-0451-6
    DOI: 10.1007/s11750-017-0451-6
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    4. Alejandro Marcos Alvarez & Quentin Louveaux & Louis Wehenkel, 2017. "A Machine Learning-Based Approximation of Strong Branching," INFORMS Journal on Computing, INFORMS, vol. 29(1), pages 185-195, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Yang, Yu & Boland, Natashia & Dilkina, Bistra & Savelsbergh, Martin, 2022. "Learning generalized strong branching for set covering, set packing, and 0–1 knapsack problems," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 301(3), pages 828-840.
    2. Nikolaus Furian & Michael O’Sullivan & Cameron Walker & Eranda Çela, 2021. "A machine learning-based branch and price algorithm for a sampled vehicle routing problem," OR Spectrum: Quantitative Approaches in Management, Springer;Gesellschaft für Operations Research e.V., vol. 43(3), pages 693-732, September.
    3. Christoph Hertrich & Martin Skutella, 2023. "Provably Good Solutions to the Knapsack Problem via Neural Networks of Bounded Size," INFORMS Journal on Computing, INFORMS, vol. 35(5), pages 1079-1097, September.
    4. Yu Yang & Natashia Boland & Martin Savelsbergh, 2021. "Multivariable Branching: A 0-1 Knapsack Problem Case Study," INFORMS Journal on Computing, INFORMS, vol. 33(4), pages 1354-1367, October.
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    7. Bongiovanni, Claudia & Kaspi, Mor & Cordeau, Jean-François & Geroliminis, Nikolas, 2022. "A machine learning-driven two-phase metaheuristic for autonomous ridesharing operations," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 165(C).
    8. Juho Lauri & Sourav Dutta & Marco Grassia & Deepak Ajwani, 2023. "Learning fine-grained search space pruning and heuristics for combinatorial optimization," Journal of Heuristics, Springer, vol. 29(2), pages 313-347, June.
    9. Álinson S. Xavier & Feng Qiu & Shabbir Ahmed, 2021. "Learning to Solve Large-Scale Security-Constrained Unit Commitment Problems," INFORMS Journal on Computing, INFORMS, vol. 33(2), pages 739-756, May.
    10. Dogacan Yilmaz & İ. Esra Büyüktahtakın, 2023. "Learning Optimal Solutions via an LSTM-Optimization Framework," SN Operations Research Forum, Springer, vol. 4(2), pages 1-40, June.
    11. Bengio, Yoshua & Lodi, Andrea & Prouvost, Antoine, 2021. "Machine learning for combinatorial optimization: A methodological tour d’horizon," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 290(2), pages 405-421.
    12. Renke Kuhlmann, 2019. "Learning to steer nonlinear interior-point methods," EURO Journal on Computational Optimization, Springer;EURO - The Association of European Operational Research Societies, vol. 7(4), pages 381-419, December.
    13. Dimitris Bertsimas & Cheol Woo Kim, 2023. "A Prescriptive Machine Learning Approach to Mixed-Integer Convex Optimization," INFORMS Journal on Computing, INFORMS, vol. 35(6), pages 1225-1241, November.
    14. Francisco Jara-Moroni & John E. Mitchell & Jong-Shi Pang & Andreas Wächter, 2020. "An enhanced logical benders approach for linear programs with complementarity constraints," Journal of Global Optimization, Springer, vol. 77(4), pages 687-714, August.
    15. Brais González-Rodríguez & Joaquín Ossorio-Castillo & Julio González-Díaz & Ángel M. González-Rueda & David R. Penas & Diego Rodríguez-Martínez, 2023. "Computational advances in polynomial optimization: RAPOSa, a freely available global solver," Journal of Global Optimization, Springer, vol. 85(3), pages 541-568, March.
    16. Dimitris Bertsimas & Bartolomeo Stellato, 2022. "Online Mixed-Integer Optimization in Milliseconds," INFORMS Journal on Computing, INFORMS, vol. 34(4), pages 2229-2248, July.
    17. Emilio Carrizosa & Cristina Molero-Río & Dolores Romero Morales, 2021. "Mathematical optimization in classification and regression trees," TOP: An Official Journal of the Spanish Society of Statistics and Operations Research, Springer;Sociedad de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, vol. 29(1), pages 5-33, April.
    18. Shen, Yunzhuang & Sun, Yuan & Li, Xiaodong & Eberhard, Andrew & Ernst, Andreas, 2023. "Adaptive solution prediction for combinatorial optimization," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 309(3), pages 1392-1408.
    19. Quentin Cappart & David Bergman & Louis-Martin Rousseau & Isabeau Prémont-Schwarz & Augustin Parjadis, 2022. "Improving Variable Orderings of Approximate Decision Diagrams Using Reinforcement Learning," INFORMS Journal on Computing, INFORMS, vol. 34(5), pages 2552-2570, September.
    20. Gambella, Claudio & Ghaddar, Bissan & Naoum-Sawaya, Joe, 2021. "Optimization problems for machine learning: A survey," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 290(3), pages 807-828.

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    Branch and bound; Machine learning;

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