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A higher-Order Gratitude Uniquely Predicts Subjective Well-Being: Incremental Validity Above the Personality and a Single Gratitude

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  • Chih-Che Lin

Abstract

This main purpose of this study tests whether a higher-order gratitude compassing multi-components (e.g., thank others, thank God, cherish blessings, appreciate hardship, and cherish the moment) explains variances in subjective well-being including life satisfaction and positive affect after controlling for gender, age, religion, the Big Five personality traits (e.g., openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism), and a single gratitude. A total of 504 undergraduate participants were recruited to completed five inventories measuring the variables of interest. The higher-order gratitude made a significant unique contribution to life satisfaction (10 % of the variance, p > .001) and positive affect (2 % of the variance, p > .001) beyond the effects of demographic variables, the Big Five personality traits, and a single gratitude. This is consistent with the theoretical stance that the higher-order gratitude is more than just the Big Five personality traits or a single gratitude and is important in its own right for subjective well-being. Furthermore, it implies a multi-components gratitude is in deed different from a unifactorial gratitude and it seems more reasonable that trait gratitude is a higher-order construct including lower-order components. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014

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  • Chih-Che Lin, 2014. "A higher-Order Gratitude Uniquely Predicts Subjective Well-Being: Incremental Validity Above the Personality and a Single Gratitude," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 119(2), pages 909-924, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:soinre:v:119:y:2014:i:2:p:909-924
    DOI: 10.1007/s11205-013-0518-1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lung Chen & Mei-Yen Chen & Ying Kee & Ying-Mei Tsai, 2009. "Validation of the Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ) in Taiwanese Undergraduate Students," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 10(6), pages 655-664, December.
    2. Bengt Brülde, 2007. "Happiness and the Good Life. Introduction and Conceptual Framework," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 8(1), pages 1-14, March.
    3. Satoshi Shimai & Keiko Otake & Nansook Park & Christopher Peterson & Martin Seligman, 2006. "Convergence of Character Strengths in American and Japanese Young Adults," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 7(3), pages 311-322, September.
    4. Marne Arthaud-day & Joseph Rode & Christine Mooney & Janet Near, 2005. "The Subjective Well-being Construct: A Test of its Convergent, Discriminant, and Factorial Validity," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 74(3), pages 445-476, December.
    5. Loren Toussaint & Philip Friedman, 2009. "Forgiveness, Gratitude, and Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Affect and Beliefs," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 10(6), pages 635-654, December.
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    1. Nathan T. Deichert & Micah Prairie Chicken & Lexus Hodgman, 2019. "Appreciation of Others Buffers the Associations of Stressful Life Events with Depressive and Physical Symptoms," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 20(4), pages 1071-1088, April.
    2. Marianne Simons & Johan Lataster & Sanne Peeters & Jennifer Reijnders & Mayke Janssens & Nele Jacobs, 2020. "Sense of Abundance is Associated with Momentary Positive and Negative Affect: An Experience Sampling Study of Trait Gratitude in Daily Life," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 21(6), pages 2229-2236, August.
    3. Agnieszka Lasota, 2023. "Crisis Experience and Purpose in Life in Men and Women: The Mediating Effect of Gratitude and Fear of COVID-19," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(15), pages 1-14, August.
    4. Cornelia Măirean & Maria Nicoleta Turliuc & Diana Arghire, 2019. "The Relationship Between Trait Gratitude and Psychological Wellbeing in University Students: The Mediating Role of Affective State and the Moderating Role of State Gratitude," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 20(5), pages 1359-1377, June.

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