IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/nathaz/v121y2025i9d10.1007_s11069-025-07211-5.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Assessing flood susceptibility in Hanoi using machine learning and remote sensing: implications for urban health and resilience

Author

Listed:
  • The Pham

    (Van Lang University
    Van Lang University)

  • Dung Xuan Bui

    (Vietnam National University of Forestry)

  • Tuyet Anh Thi Do

    (Hanoi University of Natural Resources and Environment)

  • Anh Ngoc Thi Do

    (Van Lang University
    Van Lang University)

Abstract

Flooding is a critical global issue, significantly impacting sustainable development and urban health, particularly in rapidly urbanizing regions. In Vietnam, flooding poses severe challenges, with Hanoi being notably affected due to its rapid urban expansion and reduction of green spaces. This study evaluates flood susceptibility in Hanoi using high-resolution remote sensing imagery integrated with machine learning models. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model, optimized with a Genetic Algorithm (GA), demonstrated superior performance (R2test = 0.823; RMSE = 4.332; and MAE = 4.020). The resulting flood susceptibility map highlights stark contrasts between urban and suburban areas. Urban districts such as Cau Giay, Nam Tu Liem, Ha Dong, and Thanh Xuan exhibit high to very high flood risks due to dense construction, high population density, and proximity to rivers. Conversely, suburban areas generally show lower susceptibility, except for densely developed regions like Thach That and Quoc Oai districts. These findings underscore the need for comprehensive flood sensitivity mapping across temporal and spatial dimensions to inform urban planning and management. This research provides a valuable tool for early flood risk detection and supports policymakers in making informed decisions to enhance urban health and resilience.

Suggested Citation

  • The Pham & Dung Xuan Bui & Tuyet Anh Thi Do & Anh Ngoc Thi Do, 2025. "Assessing flood susceptibility in Hanoi using machine learning and remote sensing: implications for urban health and resilience," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 121(9), pages 10149-10170, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:121:y:2025:i:9:d:10.1007_s11069-025-07211-5
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-025-07211-5
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11069-025-07211-5
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s11069-025-07211-5?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Fatemeh Jalayer & Raffaele Risi & Francesco Paola & Maurizio Giugni & Gaetano Manfredi & Paolo Gasparini & Maria Topa & Nebyou Yonas & Kumelachew Yeshitela & Alemu Nebebe & Gina Cavan & Sarah Lindley , 2014. "Probabilistic GIS-based method for delineation of urban flooding risk hotspots," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 73(2), pages 975-1001, September.
    2. Romulus Costache, 2019. "Flood Susceptibility Assessment by Using Bivariate Statistics and Machine Learning Models - A Useful Tool for Flood Risk Management," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 33(9), pages 3239-3256, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Cavalieri, Francesco & Franchin, Paolo & Giovinazzi, Sonia, 2023. "Multi-hazard assessment of increased flooding hazard due to earthquake-induced damage to the natural drainage system," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 237(C).
    2. Motrza Ghobadi & Masumeh Ahmadipari, 2024. "Enhancing Flood Susceptibility Modeling: a Hybrid Deep Neural Network with Statistical Learning Algorithms for Predicting Flood Prone Areas," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 38(8), pages 2687-2710, June.
    3. Peyman Yariyan & Saeid Janizadeh & Tran Phong & Huu Duy Nguyen & Romulus Costache & Hiep Le & Binh Thai Pham & Biswajeet Pradhan & John P. Tiefenbacher, 2020. "Improvement of Best First Decision Trees Using Bagging and Dagging Ensembles for Flood Probability Mapping," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 34(9), pages 3037-3053, July.
    4. Xinyue Ke & Ni Wang & Long Yu & Zihan Guo & Tianming He, 2023. "Spatial Distribution of Water Risk Based on Atlas Compilation in the Shaanxi Section of the Qinling Mountains, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-21, June.
    5. Vikash Shivhare & Alok Kumar & Reetesh Kumar & Satyanarayan Shashtri & Javed Mallick & Chander Kumar Singh, 2024. "Flood susceptibility and flood frequency modeling for lower Kosi Basin, India using AHP and Sentinel-1 SAR data in geospatial environment," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 120(13), pages 11579-11610, October.
    6. Isa Ebtehaj & Hossein Bonakdari, 2024. "Generalized Structure of Group Method of Data Handling: Novel Technique for Flash Flood Forecasting," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 38(9), pages 3235-3253, July.
    7. Raffaele De Risi & Fatemeh Jalayer & Francesco De Paola & Stefano Carozza & Nebyou Yonas & Maurizio Giugni & Paolo Gasparini, 2020. "From flood risk mapping toward reducing vulnerability: the case of Addis Ababa," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 100(1), pages 387-415, January.
    8. Agraw Ali Beshir & Jaemin Song, 2021. "Urbanization and its impact on flood hazard: the case of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 109(1), pages 1167-1190, October.
    9. Hang Ha & Quynh Duy Bui & Huy Dinh Nguyen & Binh Thai Pham & Trinh Dinh Lai & Chinh Luu, 2023. "A practical approach to flood hazard, vulnerability, and risk assessing and mapping for Quang Binh province, Vietnam," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 25(2), pages 1101-1130, February.
    10. Saeed Alqadhi & Javed Mallick & Swapan Talukdar & Mohd. Ahmed & Roohul Abad Khan & Showmitra Kumar Sarkar & Atiqur Rahman, 2022. "Assessing the effect of future landslide on ecosystem services in Aqabat Al-Sulbat region, Saudi Arabia," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 113(1), pages 641-671, August.
    11. Tropikë Agaj, 2025. "Integrating AHP and MCDA for flood risk assessment in Kosovo: a catchment-based perspective," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 121(9), pages 10711-10747, May.
    12. Ali Bouamrane & Oussama Derdous & Hamza Bouchehed & Habib Abida, 2025. "Assessing future changes in flood susceptibility under projections from the sixth coupled model intercomparison project: case study of Algiers City (Algeria)," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 121(2), pages 2133-2153, January.
    13. Rita Tufano & Luigi Guerriero & Mariagiulia Annibali Corona & Giuseppe Cianflone & Diego Di Martire & Fabio Ietto & Alessandro Novellino & Concetta Rispoli & Claudia Zito & Domenico Calcaterra, 2023. "Multiscenario flood hazard assessment using probabilistic runoff hydrograph estimation and 2D hydrodynamic modelling," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 116(1), pages 1029-1051, March.
    14. Ozgur Kisi & Mehmet Ardiçlioğlu & Arzu M. W. Hadi & Alban Kuriqi & Christoph Kulls, 2023. "Estimation of Mean Velocity Upstream and Downstream of a Bridge Model Using Metaheuristic Regression Methods," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 37(14), pages 5559-5580, November.
    15. Nikunj K. Mangukiya & Ashutosh Sharma, 2022. "Flood risk mapping for the lower Narmada basin in India: a machine learning and IoT-based framework," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 113(2), pages 1285-1304, September.
    16. Sina Paryani & Mojgan Bordbar & Changhyun Jun & Mahdi Panahi & Sayed M. Bateni & Christopher M. U. Neale & Hamidreza Moeini & Saro Lee, 2023. "Hybrid-based approaches for the flood susceptibility prediction of Kermanshah province, Iran," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 116(1), pages 837-868, March.
    17. Senait Nigussie & Tilahun Mulatu & Li Liu & Kumelachew Yeshitela, 2024. "The impact of land use/cover change on the supply, demand, and budgets of ecosystem services in the Little Akaki River catchment, Ethiopia," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 26(11), pages 27975-28006, November.
    18. Peng Gao & Wei Gao & Nan Ke, 2021. "Assessing the impact of flood inundation dynamics on an urban environment," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 109(1), pages 1047-1072, October.
    19. Ahmed M. Al-Areeq & S. I. Abba & Bijay Halder & Iman Ahmadianfar & Salim Heddam & Vahdettin Demir & Huseyin Cagan Kilinc & Aitazaz Ahsan Farooque & Mou Leong Tan & Zaher Mundher Yaseen, 2023. "Flood Subsidence Susceptibility Mapping using Elastic-net Classifier: New Approach," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 37(13), pages 4985-5006, October.
    20. Gaurav Tripathi & Arvind Chandra Pandey & Bikash Ranjan Parida & Amit Kumar, 2020. "Flood Inundation Mapping and Impact Assessment Using Multi-Temporal Optical and SAR Satellite Data: a Case Study of 2017 Flood in Darbhanga District, Bihar, India," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 34(6), pages 1871-1892, April.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:121:y:2025:i:9:d:10.1007_s11069-025-07211-5. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.