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Monitoring and numerical analysis of slope deformation in a coal mine in the southwest mountainous regions of China

Author

Listed:
  • Xuwen Tian

    (Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences
    Ministry of Natural Resources
    China Geological Survey)

  • Xin Yao

    (Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences
    Ministry of Natural Resources
    China Geological Survey)

  • Tao Tao

    (Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences
    Ministry of Natural Resources
    China Geological Survey)

  • Javed Iqbal

    (The University of Haripur
    Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Kaiyu Ren

    (Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences
    Ministry of Natural Resources
    China Geological Survey)

  • Zhenkai Zhou

    (Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences
    Ministry of Natural Resources
    China Geological Survey)

  • Chuangchuang Yao

    (Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences
    Ministry of Natural Resources
    China Geological Survey)

  • Qiyu Li

    (Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences
    Ministry of Natural Resources
    China Geological Survey)

  • Lingjing Li

    (Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences
    Ministry of Natural Resources
    China Geological Survey)

  • Zhenkui Gu

    (Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences
    Ministry of Natural Resources
    China Geological Survey)

Abstract

As underground coal mining activities are increasing in the southwestern mountainous areas of China, the geological safety issues related to ground subsidence and slope deformation have emerged as significant concerns. These issues have started to impact the routine mining operations. Monitoring deformation and analyzing the mechanical behavior of mining areas can help reveal the deformation patterns at surface level and on typical slopes in mountainous coalfields, ultimately reducing the risk of landslides. Taking the Guangfeng coal mine as a case study, this paper employs Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) and numerical simulation to analyze the influence of surface deformation caused by underground mining activities on slope deformation. The InSAR results indicate the presence of two distinct subsidence areas, labeled as I and II. The maximum annual subsidence rate in area I reaches 72 mm/a, while area II shows an annual deformation rate of 59 mm/a. The subsidence around the mined-out area has triggered sliding deformation in the slopes, which aligns with the numerical simulation results obtained from the fast Lagrangian analysis of continua in three dimensions (FLAC3D). As mining advances further into the working face, greater tensile stress develops at the rear edge of the slope, causing the subsidence at the center of surface which gradually shifts towards the top of the slope. The process of slope deformation related to underground coal mining in mountainous regions can be divided into four stages: the original slope stage, the early stage of underground mining, the evolution stage of composite slope deformation, and the stage of increased surface subsidence in the slope. By combining InSAR technology with FLAC3D numerical simulations, surface movements in mountainous mining areas can be accurately and reliably monitored and analyzed. This approach provides effective guidance for deformation monitoring and prediction of slope stability in mining regions.

Suggested Citation

  • Xuwen Tian & Xin Yao & Tao Tao & Javed Iqbal & Kaiyu Ren & Zhenkai Zhou & Chuangchuang Yao & Qiyu Li & Lingjing Li & Zhenkui Gu, 2025. "Monitoring and numerical analysis of slope deformation in a coal mine in the southwest mountainous regions of China," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 121(6), pages 6955-6979, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:121:y:2025:i:6:d:10.1007_s11069-024-07066-2
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-024-07066-2
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Liu, Quanlong & Li, Xinchun & Hassall, Maureen, 2021. "Regulatory regime on coal Mine Safety in China and Australia: Comparative analysis and overall findings," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    2. Chengtang Wang & Hong Min & Tao Zhu & Hao Wang & Weimin Qin & Ge Zhang, 2023. "Failure mechanism and stability analysis of the landslide: a case study for open pit iron mine in Xichang, Sichuan, China," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 116(1), pages 663-691, March.
    3. Jianghua Li & Hongjie Li & Ling Li & Donghao Wang, 2021. "Rock strata failure and subsidence characteristics under the mining of short distance thick coal seams: a case in west China," International Journal of Global Energy Issues, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 43(4), pages 356-370.
    4. Xianhui Wang & Shuyun Zhu & Haitao Yu & Yanxin Liu, 2021. "Comprehensive analysis control effect of faults on the height of fractured water-conducting zone in longwall mining," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 108(2), pages 2143-2165, September.
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