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Hydrometeorological analysis of July-2023 floods in Himachal Pradesh, India

Author

Listed:
  • Vivek Gupta

    (Indian Institute of Technology Mandi)

  • Bilal Syed

    (Indian Institute of Technology Mandi)

  • Ashish Pathania

    (Indian Institute of Technology Mandi)

  • Saran Raaj

    (Indian Institute of Technology Mandi)

  • Aliva Nanda

    (University of California Merced)

  • Shubham Awasthi

    (Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee)

  • Dericks P. Shukla

    (Indian Institute of Technology Mandi)

Abstract

In recent decades, the Himalayas have seen increasing extreme precipitation events. Climate change has impacted the occurrence and distribution of extreme precipitation events across the Himalayas. Patterns of both western disturbances and the Indian summer monsoon are undergoing significant changes in nature due to climate change. However, the magnitude and intensity of flood in a stream are not always linearly dependent on the amount of precipitation. Other factors, such as topography, land use, soil characteristics, and antecedent hydrological conditions, play a pivotal role in modulating the response of a watershed to an extreme precipitation event. On July 07–11, 2023, several districts of Himachal Pradesh faced devastating floods resulting in loss of life, infrastructure, and environmental damage with significant economic consequences. Developing a resilient solution for managing such events and reducing damage requires an in-depth understanding of multiple causative factors of such extreme events. In this paper, we analyzed the meteorological and hydrological factors that caused the flooding situation in Himachal Pradesh during July 2023. Hydrometeorological data from several observation stations were analyzed along with reanalysis data from ERA5, SMAP-L4, and FLDAS-NOAH to understand the causative factors that lead to peak floods. The compounding of extremely heavy rainfall with near-saturation antecedent moisture content and snowmelt was found to be the leading factor in inflating and sustaining the flood peak.

Suggested Citation

  • Vivek Gupta & Bilal Syed & Ashish Pathania & Saran Raaj & Aliva Nanda & Shubham Awasthi & Dericks P. Shukla, 2024. "Hydrometeorological analysis of July-2023 floods in Himachal Pradesh, India," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 120(8), pages 7549-7574, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:120:y:2024:i:8:d:10.1007_s11069-024-06520-5
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-024-06520-5
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Tao Wang & Yutong Zhao & Chaoyi Xu & Philippe Ciais & Dan Liu & Hui Yang & Shilong Piao & Tandong Yao, 2021. "Atmospheric dynamic constraints on Tibetan Plateau freshwater under Paris climate targets," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 11(3), pages 219-225, March.
    2. Walter Immerzeel & L. Beek & M. Konz & A. Shrestha & M. Bierkens, 2012. "Hydrological response to climate change in a glacierized catchment in the Himalayas," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 110(3), pages 721-736, February.
    3. Keith N. Musselman & Flavio Lehner & Kyoko Ikeda & Martyn P. Clark & Andreas F. Prein & Changhai Liu & Mike Barlage & Roy Rasmussen, 2018. "Projected increases and shifts in rain-on-snow flood risk over western North America," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 8(9), pages 808-812, September.
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