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Diarrhea risks by exposure to livestock waste in Vietnam using quantitative microbial risk assessment

Author

Listed:
  • Thu Le-Thi

    (Hanoi School of Public Health)

  • Phuc Pham-Duc

    (Hanoi School of Public Health)

  • Christian Zurbrügg

    (Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology)

  • Toan Luu-Quoc

    (Hanoi School of Public Health)

  • Huong Nguyen-Mai

    (Hanoi School of Public Health)

  • Tu Vu-Van

    (Hanoi School of Public Health)

  • Hung Nguyen-Viet

    (Hanoi School of Public Health
    International Livestock Research Institute)

Abstract

Objectives The aim of this paper was to assess the diarrhea risks caused by various pathogens among those exposed to biogas wastewater through different activities. Methods Application of quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) of biogas wastewater was conducted in Hanam Province, Vietnam. A total of 451 representatives from households that use biogas were interviewed about their practices of handling biogas plant and reuse of biogas effluent for irrigation. In addition, 150 samples of biogas wastewater were analyzed for Escherichia coli, Cryptosporidium parvum, and Giardia lamblia. Risk characterization was calculated using Monte Carlo simulation. Results The annual diarrhea risk caused by exposure to biogas effluent through irrigation activities ranged from 17.4 to 21.1% (E. coli O157:H7), 1.0 to 2.3% (G. lamblia), and 0.2 to 0.5% (C. parvum), while those caused through unblocking drains connected to biogas effluent tanks were 22.0% (E. coli), 0.7% (G. lamblia), and 0.5% (C. parvum). Conclusions Further measures are needed to reduce the risk by either improving the microbial quality of biogas effluent or by ensuring the use of personal protective measures when exposed to biogas wastewater.

Suggested Citation

  • Thu Le-Thi & Phuc Pham-Duc & Christian Zurbrügg & Toan Luu-Quoc & Huong Nguyen-Mai & Tu Vu-Van & Hung Nguyen-Viet, 2017. "Diarrhea risks by exposure to livestock waste in Vietnam using quantitative microbial risk assessment," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 62(1), pages 83-91, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:ijphth:v:62:y:2017:i:1:d:10.1007_s00038-016-0917-6
    DOI: 10.1007/s00038-016-0917-6
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Rose, J.B. & Haas, C.N. & Regli, S., 1991. "Risk assessment and control of waterborne giardiasis," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 81(6), pages 709-713.
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    Cited by:

    1. Julia Veidt & Steven Lam & Hung Nguyen-Viet & Tran Thi Tuyet-Hanh & Huong Nguyen-Mai & Sherilee L. Harper, 2018. "Is Agricultural Intensification a Growing Health Concern? Perceptions from Waste Management Stakeholders in Vietnam," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-13, November.
    2. Hong Quan Nguyen & Thi Thao Nguyen Huynh & Assela Pathirana & Peter Van der Steen, 2017. "Microbial Risk Assessment of Tidal−Induced Urban Flooding in Can Tho City (Mekong Delta, Vietnam)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-10, November.

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