IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/sae/sagope/v11y2021i3p21582440211031905.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Analyzing the State of Digital Information Warfare Between India and Pakistan on Twittersphere

Author

Listed:
  • Shabir Hussain
  • Farrukh Shahzad
  • Adam Saud

Abstract

In this study, we analyze the state of information warfare on Twittersphere between India and Pakistan in the wake of Pulwama attack in Kashmir region and the subsequent surgical strikes by Indian forces inside Pakistan. We selected two leading Twitter hashtags on the conflict from the two countries each. A total of 20,000 tweets were manually analyzed. Contrary to the existing scholarship on digital information warfare, we found citizens from both countries produced most of the content. Among the citizens, those Twitter handles that showed affiliations with the heads of governments that we consider as trolls were the leading contributors. Moreover, the study found that contributors from the two countries mainly posted on their own hashtags and did not engage in counter-arguments with the contributors from other country. This resulted in overwhelming support for the two countries in their own assorted hashtags and outright criticism in the hashtags originating from the other country.

Suggested Citation

  • Shabir Hussain & Farrukh Shahzad & Adam Saud, 2021. "Analyzing the State of Digital Information Warfare Between India and Pakistan on Twittersphere," SAGE Open, , vol. 11(3), pages 21582440211, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:sagope:v:11:y:2021:i:3:p:21582440211031905
    DOI: 10.1177/21582440211031905
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/21582440211031905
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1177/21582440211031905?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Onook Oh & Manish Agrawal & H. Raghav Rao, 2011. "Information control and terrorism: Tracking the Mumbai terrorist attack through twitter," Information Systems Frontiers, Springer, vol. 13(1), pages 33-43, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Bairong Wang & Jun Zhuang, 2018. "Rumor response, debunking response, and decision makings of misinformed Twitter users during disasters," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 93(3), pages 1145-1162, September.
    2. Yanxin Wang & Jian Li & Xi Zhao & Gengzhong Feng & Xin (Robert) Luo, 2020. "Using Mobile Phone Data for Emergency Management: a Systematic Literature Review," Information Systems Frontiers, Springer, vol. 22(6), pages 1539-1559, December.
    3. Ahmed Aleroud & Aryya Gangopadhyay, 2018. "Multimode co-clustering for analyzing terrorist networks," Information Systems Frontiers, Springer, vol. 20(5), pages 1053-1074, October.
    4. Zhan, Yuanzhu & Xiong, Yu & Xing, Xinjie, 2023. "A conceptual model and case study of blockchain-enabled social media platform," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
    5. Jengchung Victor Chen & I-Han Lu & David C. Yen & Andree E. Widjaja, 0. "Factors affecting the performance of internal control task team in high-tech firms," Information Systems Frontiers, Springer, vol. 0, pages 1-16.
    6. Fang Liu & Dongming Xu, 2018. "Social Roles and Consequences in Using Social Media in Disasters: a Structurational Perspective," Information Systems Frontiers, Springer, vol. 20(4), pages 693-711, August.
    7. Agarwal, Puneet & Aziz, Ridwan Al & Zhuang, Jun, 2022. "Interplay of rumor propagation and clarification on social media during crisis events - A game-theoretic approach," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 298(2), pages 714-733.
    8. Anat Hovav, 2014. "Using scenarios to understand the frontiers of IS: Fifteen years later (a postscript)," Information Systems Frontiers, Springer, vol. 16(3), pages 347-352, July.
    9. Paras Bhatt & Naga Vemprala & Rohit Valecha & Govind Hariharan & H. Raghav Rao, 2023. "User Privacy, Surveillance and Public Health during COVID-19 – An Examination of Twitterverse," Information Systems Frontiers, Springer, vol. 25(5), pages 1667-1682, October.
    10. Jyoti Prakash Singh & Abhinav Kumar & Nripendra P. Rana & Yogesh K. Dwivedi, 2022. "Attention-Based LSTM Network for Rumor Veracity Estimation of Tweets," Information Systems Frontiers, Springer, vol. 24(2), pages 459-474, April.
    11. Li, Lifang & Zhang, Qingpeng & Tian, Jun & Wang, Haolin, 2018. "Characterizing information propagation patterns in emergencies: A case study with Yiliang Earthquake," International Journal of Information Management, Elsevier, vol. 38(1), pages 34-41.
    12. Martínez-Rojas, María & Pardo-Ferreira, María del Carmen & Rubio-Romero, Juan Carlos, 2018. "Twitter as a tool for the management and analysis of emergency situations: A systematic literature review," International Journal of Information Management, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 196-208.
    13. M. Elshendy & A. Fronzetti Colladon & E. Battistoni & P. A. Gloor, 2021. "Using four different online media sources to forecast the crude oil price," Papers 2105.09154, arXiv.org.
    14. Hsinchun Chen & Yilu Zhou & Edna F. Reid & Catherine A. Larson, 2011. "Introduction to special issue on terrorism informatics," Information Systems Frontiers, Springer, vol. 13(1), pages 1-3, March.
    15. Yogesh K. Dwivedi & Gerald Kelly & Marijn Janssen & Nripendra P. Rana & Emma L. Slade & Marc Clement, 2018. "Social Media: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly," Information Systems Frontiers, Springer, vol. 20(3), pages 419-423, June.
    16. Alta Grobbelaar, 2023. "Media and Terrorism in Africa: Al-Shabaab’s Evolution from Militant Group to Media Mogul," Insight on Africa, , vol. 15(1), pages 7-22, January.
    17. Chulhwan Chris Bang, 2015. "Information systems frontiers: Keyword analysis and classification," Information Systems Frontiers, Springer, vol. 17(1), pages 217-237, February.
    18. Ahmed Aleroud & Aryya Gangopadhyay, 0. "Multimode co-clustering for analyzing terrorist networks," Information Systems Frontiers, Springer, vol. 0, pages 1-22.
    19. Jengchung Victor Chen & I-Han Lu & David C. Yen & Andree E. Widjaja, 2017. "Factors affecting the performance of internal control task team in high-tech firms," Information Systems Frontiers, Springer, vol. 19(4), pages 787-802, August.
    20. Fry, John & Binner, Jane M., 2016. "Elementary modelling and behavioural analysis for emergency evacuations using social media," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 249(3), pages 1014-1023.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:sae:sagope:v:11:y:2021:i:3:p:21582440211031905. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: SAGE Publications (email available below). General contact details of provider: .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.