Poultry farming development in Russia: analysis of the current state and development trends

Introduction. The development of poultry farming in Russia is crucial for meeting domestic demand for meat and eggs, reducing import dependence, enhancing food security, and advancing agricultural growth. This article is aimed at analyzing the current state of poultry farming development in the Russian Federation and outlining the prospects for this industry. Materials and methods. The materials used in the study were as follows: data from periodicals on poultry farming trends in Russia, statistical reports from the Russian Federation, its regions, and the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia over recent decades. The study employed abstract-logical, monographic, computational-constructive, comparative analysis, and statistical methods. Results. It has been established that over the past decade, poultry farming has been developing rapidly in many countries, including Russia. In Russia, from 2016 to 2021, poultry meat production increased by 838.26 thousand tons (or 20%), while egg production reached 2,357 thousand tons in 2017. In subsequent years, up to and including 2021, egg production remained unchanged. The achieved level is quite high, with an average of 313 eggs per laying hen per year, given that the zootechnical productivity standard for egg-laying hens is approximately 300 eggs per year. Thus, Russia ensures poultry meat production of 34.2 kg per capita, which is 10.3% higher than the rational recommended norm (31 kg per year), while egg production has reached 308 eggs per capita, exceeding the rational recommended norm (260 eggs per year) by 18.5%. Conclusion. The development of poultry farming in Russia contributes to increased production of poultry meat and eggs, providing the population with high-quality products and reducing import dependence. This industry can stimulate regional economic growth, create new jobs, and improve living standards. The adoption of modern technologies will enhance production efficiency, improve product quality, and reduce environmental impact. Research in poultry nutrition will optimize feed resources, reduce costs, and increase productivity.