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Productivité, efficacité économique et équité dans le secteur agricole québécois

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  • Wampach, Jean-Pierre

    (Département d’économie rurale, Faculté des sciences de l’agriculture et de l’alimentation, Université Laval (Québec))

Abstract

During the '70s, the economic environment of Quebec agriculture has changed. From now on, is it possible to increase agricultural labor productivity and to improve economic efficiency without impairing equity? How can technical and structural changes in agriculture have more positive than negative effects on the economy as a whole, the environment and the social and economic life of rural communities? Those are interrelated questions. They are studied in this paper through the analysis of past partial and total productivity trends, of current disequilibria in resource allocation and of prospective structural changes. The general conclusion is reached that the modernization process of Quebec agriculture has become costly for the farmers and for society, less productive and inequitable. Two scenarios are outlined on future structural changes in the sector, one based on general equilibrium theory and the other on social differentiation, states intervention and competition between farmers. Some changes are suggested at the margin. If adopted, agriculture could extract an economic surplus from improved human and land resources and a more balanced farm structure, rather than, as in the past, from purchased inputs and substitution of capital for labor. L’environnement économique de l’agriculture au Québec s’est modifié au cours des années 1970. On peut se demander s’il sera possible à l’avenir d’augmenter la productivité de la main-d’oeuvre agricole et l’efficacité économique sans qu’il en résulte une perte d’équité. Comment faire en sorte que les changements techniques et structurels dans le secteur agricole produisent des résultats nets positifs sur l’ensemble de l’économie, sur l’environnement et sur la vie économique et sociale des communautés rurales? Cet article porte sur ces questions. L’étude repose sur l’analyse de l’évolution passée de la productivité, du déséquilibre actuel dans l’allocation des ressources et des changements structurels prévus. Elle mène à la conclusion que le processus de modernisation de l’agriculture québécoise est devenu coûteux pour les agriculteurs et pour la société, moins productif et inéquitable. Deux scénarios de changements structurels sont envisagés. L’un est basé sur la théorie de l’équilibre général, l’autre, sur la différenciation sociale, l’intervention de l’État et la concurrence entre les agriculteurs. Quelques suggestions de modifications sont faites. L’adoption de ces suggestions amènerait le secteur agricole à engendrer un surplus économique qui proviendrait d’une amélioration des ressources humaines et foncières et d’une structure mieux équilibrée plutôt que de l’achat des intrants et d’une substitution du capital à la main-d’oeuvre comme ce fut le cas dans le passé.

Suggested Citation

  • Wampach, Jean-Pierre, 1983. "Productivité, efficacité économique et équité dans le secteur agricole québécois," L'Actualité Economique, Société Canadienne de Science Economique, vol. 59(4), pages 669-685, décembre.
  • Handle: RePEc:ris:actuec:v:59:y:1983:i:4:p:669-685
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Philip M. Raup, 1978. "Some Questions of Value and Scale in American Agriculture," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 60(2), pages 303-308.
    2. Archer, André, 1979. "Fonctions de production agricole au Québec," L'Actualité Economique, Société Canadienne de Science Economique, vol. 55(2), pages 230-245, avril.
    3. Ruttan, Vernon W., 1980. "Agricultural Research And The Future Of American Agriculture," Staff Papers 13561, University of Minnesota, Department of Applied Economics.
    4. Kislev, Yoav & Peterson, Willis L., 1980. "Relative Prices, Technology, And Farm Size," Staff Papers 13394, University of Minnesota, Department of Applied Economics.
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